Origin and Diversification of Dung Beetles in Madagascar.
Origin and Diversification of Dung Beetles in Madagascar.
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DOI：
10.3390/insects2020112
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hanski, Ilkka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miraldo, Andreia;Wirta, Helena;Hanski, Ilkka
马达加斯加有丰富的粪甲虫动物群（金龟子亚科和金龟子亚科），迄今为止已描述了近 300 种粪甲虫。与马达加斯加的大多数其他类群一样，粪甲虫表现出极高水平的特有性（占该物种的 96%）。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于马达加斯加粪甲虫的起源和多样化的知识。根据分子系统发育，现存的粪甲虫起源于八个殖民区，其中四个产生了广泛的辐射。这些辐射发生在潮湿的森林中，而不太成功的辐射中现存的少数物种则发生在开放和半开放的栖息地。我们讨论了物种形成的可能机制和现有群落的生态特征，强调了沿环境梯度的适应和异域物种形成在马达加斯加粪甲虫产生异常高的β多样性方面的作用。对选定物种的系统发育地理学分析揭示了复杂的模式，并提供了古老分类群之间遗传渗入的证据。 1500 年前，牛被引入马达加斯加，创造了一种新的丰富资源，一些物种已经转移到这种资源上，从而能够大大扩展其地理范围。
Madagascar has a rich fauna of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) with almost 300 species described to date. Like most other taxa in Madagascar, dung beetles exhibit an exceptionally high level of endemism (96% of the species). Here, we review the current knowledge of the origin and diversification of Malagasy dung beetles. Based on molecular phylogenies, the extant dung beetles originate from eight colonizations, of which four have given rise to extensive radiations. These radiations have occurred in wet forests, while the few extant species in the less successful radiations occur in open and semi-open habitats. We discuss the likely mechanisms of speciation and the ecological characteristics of the extant communities, emphasizing the role of adaptation along environmental gradients and allopatric speciation in generating the exceptionally high beta diversity in Malagasy dung beetles. Phylogeographic analyses of selected species reveal complex patterns with evidence for genetic introgression between old taxa. The introduction of cattle to Madagascar 1500 years ago created a new abundant resource, onto which a few species have shifted and thereby been able to greatly expand their geographical ranges.