Achieving CO2 reductions in Colombia: Effects of carbon taxes and abatement targets
Achieving CO2 reductions in Colombia: Effects of carbon taxes and abatement targets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eneco.2015.05.010
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Fisher-Vanden, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calderon, Silvia;Camilo Alvarez, Andres;Fisher-Vanden, Karen
在本文中，我们调查的CO2排放情景哥伦比亚和实施碳税和减排目标对能源系统的影响。通过比较两个综合评估局部均衡模型TIAM-ECN和GCAM以及两个一般均衡模型Phoenix和MEG 4C的基线和政策情景结果，我们提供了哥伦比亚能源系统未来发展和动态的指示。目前，与拉丁美洲其他国家相比，哥伦比亚能源系统的碳强度较低。然而，鉴于预计经济将迅速增长，碳基技术的使用可能会增加，这一趋势可能会改变。哥伦比亚正在制定气候政策，尚未考虑税收和减排目标等经济手段。本文展示了税收或减排目标如何在哥伦比亚实现显著的二氧化碳减排。虽然减排可以通过不同途径实现，但税收和目标可促进清洁能源进入市场，并通过提高能效和其他需求方应对措施减少最终能源需求。电力部门在哥伦比亚实现二氧化碳减排方面发挥着重要作用，包括增加水力发电、引进风力技术以及部署生物质、煤炭和天然气以及二氧化碳捕获和储存。当前减缓途径的不确定性加强了气候政策在引导各部门采用低碳技术方面的重要性。本文还评估了减缓政策对整个经济的影响，如GDP和消费的潜在损失。对整个经济范围内的减缓政策的法律的、体制、社会和环境障碍进行评估至关重要，但超出了本文件的范围。(C)2016年巴特尔纪念研究所和作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版
In this paper we investigate CO2 emission scenarios for Colombia and the effects of implementing carbon taxes and abatement targets on the energy system. By comparing baseline and policy scenario results from two integrated assessment partial equilibrium models TIAM-ECN and GCAM and two general equilibrium models Phoenix and MEG4C, we provide an indication of future developments and dynamics in the Colombian energy system. Currently, the carbon intensity of the energy system in Colombia is low compared to other countries in Latin America. However, this trend may change given the projected rapid growth of the economy and the potential increase in the use of carbon-based technologies. Climate policy in Colombia is under development and has yet to consider economic instruments such as taxes and abatement targets. This paper shows how taxes or abatement targets can achieve significant CO2 reductions in Colombia. Though abatement may be achieved through different pathways, taxes and targets promote the entry of cleaner energy sources into the market and reduce final energy demand through energy efficiency improvements and other demand-side responses. The electric power sector plays an important role in achieving CO2 emission reductions in Colombia, through the increase of hydropower, the introduction of wind technologies, and the deployment of biomass, coal and natural gas with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). Uncertainty over the prevailing mitigation pathway reinforces the importance of climate policy to guide sectors toward low-carbon technologies. This paper also assesses the economy-wide implications of mitigation policies such as potential losses in GDP and consumption. An assessment of the legal, institutional, social and environmental barriers to economy-wide mitigation policies is critical yet beyond the scope of this paper. (C) 2016 Battelle Memorial Institute and The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.