Gene Expression Program Underlying Tail Resorption During Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Metamorphosis of the Ornamented Pygmy Frog Microhyla fissipes
Gene Expression Program Underlying Tail Resorption During Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Metamorphosis of the Ornamented Pygmy Frog Microhyla fissipes
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2019.00011
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Shouhong Wang;Lusha Liu;Jiongyu Liu;Wei Zhu;Yuta Tanizaki;L. Fu;Lingyu Bao;Yunbo Shi;Jianping Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shouhong Wang;Lusha Liu;Jiongyu Liu;Wei Zhu;Yuta Tanizaki;L. Fu;Lingyu Bao;Yunbo Shi;Jianping Jiang
甲状腺激素 (T3) 对于脊椎动物的发育至关重要，尤其是在所谓的胚胎后发育期间，即哺乳动物出生前后的一段时期，此时血浆 T3 水平达到峰值，许多器官成熟为成年形态。与胚胎发生相比，哺乳动物的胚胎后发育研究很少，主要是因为难以操纵子宫内的胚胎和新生儿。两栖动物的变态发育独立于母体影响，并且可以很容易地进行分子和遗传学研究，使其成为研究脊椎动物胚胎后发育的有价值的模型。对两栖动物变态的研究主要集中在非洲爪蟾和热带爪蟾这两个高度相关的物种上。然而，成年 X. laevis 和 X.tropicalis 动物仍然是水生的。这对于研究生活在陆地上的变态后青蛙物种的变态非常重要。在这方面，无尾小龟代表了发育和遗传研究的另一种模型。在这里，我们利用测序技术的进步来研究裂裂分枝杆菌变态过程中尾部吸收程序背后的基因表达谱。我们首先使用单分子实时测序获得了 M. fissipes 中的 67, 939 个表达转录本。接下来，我们通过对不同变态阶段尾部的 RNA 样本使用 Illumina 测序，鉴定出尾部吸收过程中 4,555 个差异表达的转录本。生物信息学分析显示，11个上调的KEGG（京都基因和基因组百科全书）途径和88个基因本体（GO）术语以及21个下调的KEGG途径和499个GO术语与尾部吸收相关。我们的研究结果表明，M. fissipes 和 X. laevis 的尾部吸收有许多共同的程序。未来对这些基因和途径的功能和调节的研究应该有助于揭示两栖动物尾部吸收和从水生到陆生的适应性进化的控制机制。此外，对 M. fissipes 模型的分析，特别是对与从水生到陆生生活过渡相关的其他器官的变化的分析，应该有助于揭示控制哺乳动物胚胎后发育的重要机制。
Thyroid hormone (T3) is essential for vertebrate development, especially during the so-called postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when plasma T3 level peaks and many organs mature into their adult form. Compared to embryogenesis, postembryonic development is poorly studied in mammals largely because of the difficulty to manipulate the uterus-enclosed embryos and neonates. Amphibian metamorphosis is independent of maternal influence and can be easily manipulated for molecular and genetic studies, making it a valuable model to study postembryonic development in vertebrates. Studies on amphibian metamorphosis have been largely focused on the two highly related species Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. However, adult X. laevis and X. tropicalis animals remain aquatic. This makes important to study metamorphosis in a species in which postmetamorphic frogs live on land. In this regard, the anuran Microhyla fissipes represents an alternative model for developmental and genetic studies. Here we have made use of the advances in sequencing technologies to investigate the gene expression profiles underlying the tail resorption program during metamorphosis in M. fissipes. We first used single molecule real-time sequencing to obtain 67, 939 expressed transcripts in M. fissipes. We next identified 4,555 differentially expressed transcripts during tail resorption by using Illumina sequencing on RNA samples from tails at different metamorphic stages. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 11 up-regulated KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways and 88 Gene Ontology (GO) terms as well as 21 down-regulated KEGG pathways and 499 GO terms were associated with tail resorption. Our findings suggest that tail resorption in M. fissipes and X. laevis shares many programs. Future investigations on function and regulation of these genes and pathways should help to reveal the mechanisms governing amphibian tail resorption and adaptive evolution from aquatic to terrestrial life. Furthermore, analysis of the M. fissipes model, especially, on the changes in other organs associated with the transition from aquatic to terrestrial living, should help to reveal important mechanistic insights governing mammalian postembryonic developments.