Are Harmful Algal Blooms Becoming the Greatest Inland Water Quality Threat to Public Health and Aquatic Ecosystems?
Are Harmful Algal Blooms Becoming the Greatest Inland Water Quality Threat to Public Health and Aquatic Ecosystems?
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.3220
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Steevens, Jeffery A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brooks, Bryan W.;Lazorchak, James M.;Steevens, Jeffery A.
在这篇焦点文章中，作者提出了一个看似简单的问题：有害藻华（HAB）是否正在成为对公共健康和水生生态系统的最大内陆水质威胁？当赤潮事件需要限制渔业、娱乐和饮用水使用内陆水体时，就会产生重大的经济后果。不幸的是，内陆沃茨赤潮的规模、频率和持续时间在时空尺度上知之甚少，各州、部落和地区之间的参与程度也不同。有害藻华的影响不像传统化学污染物那样可预测，水质评估和管理计划主要是针对这些污染物开发的，因为多个自然和人为因素之间的相互作用决定了HAB在特定水体中发生的可能性和严重性。这些强迫因素也会影响毒素的产生。除了有害藻华直接造成特定地点的水质退化之外，有害藻华毒素的存在还可能对常规的地表水质量监测、评估和管理做法产生不利影响。有害藻华对实现水质保护和恢复目标构成重大挑战，因为这些毒素干扰了对其他化学品和压力的监测结果和环境质量标准执行工作的解释。有害生物目前是否是对内陆水质的最大威胁还有待商榷，尽管在发达国家的内陆沃茨，有害生物对环境质量造成的影响通常比传统的化学污染事件更为严重。作者确定了几个及时的研究需求。环境毒理学，环境化学和风险评估的专业知识必须与生态学家，工程师和公共卫生从业人员的接口，从事有害藻华评估和管理的复杂性，解决有害藻华形成的强迫因素，并减少对内陆地表水质量构成的威胁。(C)2015年SETAC
In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. (C) 2015 SETAC