Banking on refugees: Racialized expropriation in the fintech era
Banking on refugees: Racialized expropriation in the fintech era
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DOI：
10.1177/0308518x20904070
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发表时间：
2020-02-04
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Roderick, Leanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhagat, Ali;Roderick, Leanne
金融科技和数字金融服务涉及通过技术交付金融产品和服务。金融科技的公司是金融贷款基础设施的一部分，声称提供了一种替代大银行的选择，并经常被吹捧为数字颠覆性技术，正在迅速重塑金融包容性议程，改善穷人的生活。对于生活在肯尼亚难民营和非正规住区的许多难民来说，金融科技往往是获得信贷或小额信贷援助的唯一可行选择。虽然难民经常被排除在信贷之外，但金融科技作为从全球北方向难民直接进行点对点援助转移的一种解决方案的传播，导致了信贷机会和生计支助的分配不均。通过金融科技，全球北部的普通公民和团体能够扰乱和颠覆难民援助，他们认为一些人值得援助，而另一些人则面临持续的排斥。虽然金融科技仍然是提高效率和赋权的一个有希望的来源，但援助资金的直接转移掩盖了利润和企业权力，因为它只向那些适当创业的难民提供援助，也就是说，那些愿意创办小企业并偿还贷款的难民。本文认为，金融科技所推行的金融包容性的过程在很大程度上仍然被排斥所区别。通过这样做，本文强调了一个理论立场，即难民治理嵌入到资本积累和没收的种族形式中。
Fintech and digital financial services involve the delivery of financial products and services through technology. Fintech companies are part of a financial lending infrastructure claiming to offer an alternative to 'big banks', and are often touted as digitally disruptive technology that is rapidly reshaping financial inclusion agendas and improving the lives of the poor. For many refugees living in camps and informal settlements in Kenya, fintech is often the only viable option for credit or microfinance aid. While refugees are often excluded from credit, the spread of fintech as a solution for direct peer-to-peer aid transfers from the Global North to refugees has resulted in the uneven distribution of credit access and livelihood support. Through fintech, private citizens and groups in the Global North are able to disrupt and subvert refugee assistance, deeming some worthy of aid while others face ongoing exclusion. While fintech remains a hopeful source of greater efficiency and empowerment, the direct transfer of aid money masks profit and corporate power by only extending assistance to those refugees who are appropriately entrepreneurial, that is to say those who will start small businesses and pay back their loans. This paper argues that processes of financial inclusion carried out by and through fintech are still distinguished largely by exclusion. In so doing, this paper highlights a theoretical position that refugee governance is embedded in racial forms of capital accumulation and expropriation.