The Effects of a Sensorimotor Training and a Strength Training on Postural Stabilisation, Maximum Isometric Contraction and Jump Performance
The Effects of a Sensorimotor Training and a Strength Training on Postural Stabilisation, Maximum Isometric Contraction and Jump Performance
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感觉运动训练和力量训练对姿势稳定性、最大等长收缩和跳跃性能的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Gollhofer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Bruhn;N. Kullmann;A. Gollhofer
先前的研究表明，为了改善功能性关节或姿势稳定性而进行的感觉运动训练后的适应，其特点是最大自主等长收缩过程中力量发展速率的提高。在使用高强度负荷的经典力量训练研究中，已经表明力量发展速率的提高主要是由于肌肉内协调的适应。本研究的目的是比较两个训练组在四个星期的感觉运动或经典力量训练后可能出现的神经肌肉适应情况。此外，还对对照组进行了调查，以对比训练后的适应情况。在训练前后测量姿势稳定性、最大自主等长收缩以及深蹲跳和落地跳的表现。结果证实了两种训练方案对力量发展速率、最大自主收缩期间的最大力量以及跳跃表现的积极影响，而只有力量训练后的改善才是显着的。力量训练会降低 iMEG，而在大多数测试情况下，感觉运动训练后 iMEG 会有所增强。力量训练对深蹲跳等向心收缩也有积极作用。感觉运动训练通过在接触地面后立即增强神经肌肉活动来提高反应性跳伞的表现。结论是，高负荷的经典力量训练基本上提高了运动神经元传出驱动的机械效率，而感觉运动训练改变了中枢神经系统的传入输入。这两种适应都会在部队发展过程中产生特定的效果。
Previous studies revealed that adaptations following sensorimotor training, performed to improve functional joint or postural stability, were characterized by improvements in the rate of force development during maximum voluntary isometric contraction. In classical strength training studies using intense loads it has been shown that improvements in rate of force development is mainly due to adaptations in the intramuscular coordination. The purpose of the present study was to compare possible neuromuscular adaptations in two training groups following either sensorimotor or classical strength training over a period of four weeks. Additionally a control group was investigated to contrast the adaptations seen after training. Postural stability, maximum voluntary isometric contraction and performance in squat-jump and in drop-jump were measured before and after training. The results confirmed the positive effects of both training regimen on rate of force development and on maximum strength during maximum voluntary contraction as well as on jump performance, while only the improvements after the strength training were significant. Strength training reduced iMEG, while it was enhanced after sensorimotor training in most testing situations. Strength training had positive effects also on concentric contractions like squat-jump. The sensorimotor training improved performance in reactive drop-jump by enhanced neuromuscular activity immediately after ground contact. It is concluded that classical strength training with high loads basically improves the mechanical efficiency of the efferent drive on the motoneurons, whereas sensorimotor training alters the afferent input on the central nervous system. Both adaptations yield to specific effects during force development.