Accurate Cure Modeling for Isothermal Processing of Fast Curing Epoxy Resins
Accurate Cure Modeling for Isothermal Processing of Fast Curing Epoxy Resins
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DOI：
10.3390/polym8110390
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Henning, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernath, Alexander;Kaerger, Luise;Henning, Frank
在这项工作中，一个整体的方法的表征和数学建模的快速环氧树脂的反应动力学。主要的复合材料制造工艺，如树脂传递模塑，涉及在远低于最终玻璃化转变温度的温度下等温固化。因此，过早的玻璃化发生在固化过程中，因此必须考虑到的动力学模型。为了显示使用复杂的动力学模型的好处，Kamal-Malkin动力学模型进行比较的Grindling动力学模型的预测质量的等温处理。在选定的模型中，只有Grindling动力学能够考虑玻璃化。非等温，等温和组合差示扫描量热法（DSC）的测量进行和处理，随后用于模型参数化。为了证明哪些DSC测量对于正确的固化建模至关重要，两个模型都适合不同的测量集。特别注意的是，等温DSC测量的评价，这是受未记录的交联开始之前的测量，以及从物理老化效应所产生的偏差。研究发现，等温测量对于等温固化的精确建模至关重要，不可忽视。使用Grindling动力学模型实现了准确的固化预测。
In this work a holistic approach for the characterization and mathematical modeling of the reaction kinetics of a fast epoxy resin is shown. Major composite manufacturing processes like resin transfer molding involve isothermal curing at temperatures far below the ultimate glass transition temperature. Hence, premature vitrification occurs during curing and consequently has to be taken into account by the kinetic model. In order to show the benefit of using a complex kinetic model, the Kamal-Malkin kinetic model is compared to the Grindling kinetic model in terms of prediction quality for isothermal processing. From the selected models, only the Grindling kinetic is capable of taking into account vitrification. Non-isothermal, isothermal and combined differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements are conducted and processed for subsequent use for model parametrization. In order to demonstrate which DSC measurements are vital for proper cure modeling, both models are fitted to varying sets of measurements. Special attention is given to the evaluation of isothermal DSC measurements which are subject to deviations arising from unrecorded cross-linking prior to the beginning of the measurement as well as from physical aging effects. It is found that isothermal measurements are vital for accurate modeling of isothermal cure and cannot be neglected. Accurate cure predictions are achieved using the Grindling kinetic model.