Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment
Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8809(00)00160-2
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Köpke, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haas, G;Wetterich, F;Köpke, U
为了减少农业的环境负担，需要采用适当的方法来理解和评估对自然资源的影响。考虑的方法之一是生命周期评估（LCA）的方法，这是用来评估18个草地农场在三个不同的耕作强度-密集，扩展，有机-在Allgau地区在德国南部的环境影响。与集约化农场相比，集约化和有机农场可以减少能源使用、全球变暖潜能值和地下水等非生物影响类别的负面影响，主要是通过放弃矿物氮肥。集约化农场的能源消耗分别为19.1 GJ ha（-1）和2.7 GJ t（-1）牛奶，扩展和有机农场分别为8.7和5.9 GJ ha（-1）沿着1.3和1.2 GJ t（-1）牛奶，全球变暖潜势分别为9.4、7.0和6.3 CO2当量ha（-1）和1.3，1.0和1.3 CO2当量t（-1）牛奶的集约化，扩大和有机农场分别。以SO2当量计算的酸化程度很高，但与集约化农场（136千克SO2公顷）相比，扩大化农场（119千克SO2公顷）和有机农场（107千克SO2公顷）排放的量较低。集约化农场（54.2千克PO 4公顷-1）的富营养化潜力（以PO 4当量计算）高于集约化农场（31.2千克PO 4公顷-1）和有机农场（13.5千克PO 4公顷-1）。集约化、扩大化和有机农场的氮（80.1、31.4和31.1千克公顷-1）和磷（5.3、4.5和-2.3千克公顷-1）的田间平衡表明对地下水和地表水质量的不同影响。从生物多样性、景观形象和畜牧业三个影响类别分析，有机农场在草地物种数、放牧牛群数、牧场布局和畜群管理等指标上具有明显优势，但这些类别的指标差异较大，且部分独立于耕作制度。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
To reduce the environmental burden of agriculture, suitable methods to comprehend and assess the impact on natural resources are needed. One of the methods considered is the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, which was used to assess the environmental impacts of 18 grassland farms in three different farming intensities - intensive, extensified, and organic - in the Allgau region in southern Germany. Extensified and organic compared with intensive farms could reduce negative effects in the abiotic impact categories of energy use, global warming potential (GWP) and ground water mainly by renouncing mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Energy consumption of intensive farms was 19.1 GJ ha(-1) and 2.7 GJ t(-1) milk, of extensified and organic farms 8.7 and 5.9 GJ ha(-1) along with 1.3 and 1.2 GJ t(-1) milk, respectively Global warming potential was 9.4, 7.0 and 6.3 CO2-equivalents ha(-1) and 1.3, 1.0 and 1.3 CO2-equivalents t(-1) milk for the intensive, extensified and organic farms, respectively. Acidification calculated in SO2-equivalents was high, but the extensified (119 kg SO2 ha(-1)) and the organic farms (107 kg SO2 ha(-1)) emit a lower amount compared with the intensive farms (136 kg SO2 ha(-1)). Eutrophication potential computed in PO4-equivalents was higher for intensive (54.2 kg PO4 ha(-1)) compared with extensified (31.2 kg PO4 ha(-1)) and organic farms (13.5 kg PO4 ha(-1)). Farmgate balances for N (80.1, 31.4 and 31.1 kg ha(-1)) and P (5.3, 4.5 and -2.3 kg ha(-1)) for intensive, extensified and organic farms, respectively, indicate the different impacts on ground and surface water quality. Analysing the impact categories biodiversity, landscape image and animal husbandry, organic farms had clear advantages in the indicators number of grassland species, grazing cattle, layout of farmstead and herd management, but indices in these categories showed a wide range and are partly independent of the farming system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.