Difficult Temperament, Breastfeeding, and Their Mutual Prospective Effects: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Difficult Temperament, Breastfeeding, and Their Mutual Prospective Effects: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
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DOI：
10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181877a88
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Vollrath, Margarete E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niegel, Susan;Ystrom, Eivind;Vollrath, Margarete E.
目的：(1)考察6个月和18个月儿童的难相处气质与母乳喂养之间的关系。(2)纵向考察母乳喂养是否对气质发育有影响，难相处的气质是否对继续母乳喂养有影响。方法：这项前瞻性研究是挪威母婴队列研究的一部分，该研究以在挪威分娩的所有妇女为目标；目前的样本包括30,466名儿童。母亲们报告了儿童在6个月和18个月大时的难相处的气质，以及0到6个月和6到12到14个月的母乳喂养。采用结构方程模型对母乳喂养与难相处的气质之间的前瞻性关联进行了检验，并对交叉滞后路径进行了比较。所有的分析都针对与母乳喂养相关的背景变量进行了调整。结果：在6个月时，气质较难相处的儿童在推荐的6个月期间“完全”母乳喂养(纯母乳喂养和以母乳喂养为主)的可能性显著降低(未调整的点二列相关系数r(PB)=-.15；调整后的r(PB)=-.11)。在12到14个月时，在调整了背景变量、气质和6个月时的母乳喂养后，难相处的气质和(继续)母乳喂养之间不再存在关联。对纵向路径的交叉滞后分析发现，难相处的气质对后期母乳喂养的影响可以忽略不计，母乳喂养对后期气质的影响可以忽略不计。结论：脾气不好和母乳喂养减少似乎只有在孩子出生后的前半年才有关联。在那之后，我们没有发现难相处的气质和母乳喂养之间共同发展的证据。
Objective: (1) To examine the extent to which difficult temperament and breastfeeding are associated at child age 6 and 18 months. (2) To examine longitudinally whether breastfeeding has an influence on temperament development or whether difficult temperament has an influence on continued breastfeeding. Method: This prospective study is part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, which targets all women giving birth in Norway; the present sample comprises 30,466 children. Mothers reported on child difficult temperament at child age 6 and 18 months and on breastfeeding from 0 to 6 months and from 6 to 12-14 months. Prospective associations between breastfeeding and difficult temperament were examined using structural equation modeling, with comparison of cross-lagged pathways. All analyses were adjusted for background variables that are relevant for breastfeeding. Results: At 6 months, children with more difficult temperament were significantly less likely to have been "fully" breastfed (exclusively and predominantly breastfed) for the recommended period of 6 months (unadjusted point-biserial correlation r(pb) = -.15; adjusted r(pb) = -.11). At 12 to 14 months, there was no longer an association between difficult temperament and (continued) breastfeeding after adjusting for background variables, temperament, and breastfeeding at 6 months. The cross-lagged analyses of the longitudinal pathways yielded negligible effects of difficult temperament on later breastfeeding and of breastfeeding on later temperament. Conclusion: Difficult temperament and reduced breastfeeding seem to be associated only during the first half-year of the child's life. After that, we found no evidence of codevelopment between difficult temperament and breastfeeding.