Monitoring of the West Nile Virus epidemic in Spain between 2010 and 2011
Monitoring of the West Nile Virus epidemic in Spain between 2010 and 2011
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01298.x
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Arenas, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garcia-Bocanegra, I.;Jaen-Tellez, J. A.;Arenas, A.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种通过蚊子传播的黄病毒，在不同国家被认为是一种新出现和重新出现的病原体。本研究描述了 2010 年至 2011 年间西班牙首次西尼罗河病毒疫情的监测情况。2010 年 9 月至 12 月期间，安达卢西亚（西班牙南部）三个不同省份报告了 36 起马匹西尼罗河病毒疫情，该地区以外没有明显传播。西班牙西尼罗河病毒流行期间观察到的时间分布和临床症状总体上与欧洲和地中海盆地报告的相似。受影响牛群的发病率、死亡率和致死率分别为 4.6%、1.4% 和 35.3%。在接受调查的 75 个可疑畜群中，有 36 个（47.4%）至少出现一只 IgM 血清反应呈阳性的动物。受感染饲养场中未接种疫苗的动物的个体血清阳性率为 51.7%。从一匹致命感染马的血液和脑脊液样本中证实存在 RNA WNV 谱系 1 病毒。昆虫学调查显示，受影响地区检测到数量最多的蚊种是淡色库蚊。 2010年4月至2011年2月期间，在受影响地区的非疑似牛群中进行了一项横断面研究。个体血清阳性率为 11.0%，采样的 38 个牛群中有 6 个 (15.8%) 至少出现一只血清阳性动物。结果显示，在马匹首次爆发西尼罗河病毒爆发前几个月，西尼罗河病毒就已活跃传播。在未报告临床病例的城市中发现的血清阳性表明该病毒的地理传播范围更大。在摩洛哥附近地区检测到的血清流行率明显较高。此外，还对90只野生反刍动物进行了西尼罗河病毒抗体检测，但结果均为阴性。
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus recognized as an emerging and re-emerging pathogen in different countries. This study describes the monitoring of the first WNV epidemic in Spain between 2010 and 2011. Between September and December 2010, 36 outbreaks of WNV in horses were reported in three different provinces of Andalusia (southern Spain), with no apparent spread outside this area. The temporal distribution and the clinical signs observed during the WNV epidemic in Spain were, in general, similar to those reported in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin. Morbidity, mortality and fatality rate in the affected herds were 4.6, 1.4 and 35.3%, respectively. Thirty-six of 75 (47.4%) suspected herds investigated presented at least one IgM seropositive animal. The individual seroprevalence in unvaccinated animals from the infected holdings was 51.7%. RNA WNV lineage 1 virus was confirmed from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples in a lethally infected horse. The entomological survey showed that the most abundant mosquito species detected in the affected area was Culex pipiens. A cross-sectional study was carried out in non-suspected herds between April 2010 and February 2011 in the affected area. The individual seroprevalence was 11.0%, and six of the 38 herds sampled (15.8%) presented at least one seropositive animal. The results showed active WNV circulation several months before the first outbreak was reported in horses. The seropositivity found in municipalities where clinical cases were not reported indicates a higher geographical dissemination of the virus. Significantly higher seroprevalences were detected in areas close to Morocco. Furthermore, 90 wild ruminants were tested for the presence of antibodies against WNV, but the results were all negative.