Steering the Global Partnership for Oceans
Steering the Global Partnership for Oceans
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DOI：
10.1086/676290
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wilberg, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abbott, Joshua;Anderson, James L.;Wilberg, Michael J.
全球海洋伙伴关系（Global Partnership for Oceans）是一个由政府、私营企业、国际组织和民间社会团体组成的联盟，旨在促进海洋健康，同时为人类福祉做出贡献。一个蓝带小组（BRP）被委托制定可持续发展投资的指导原则。在这里，我们提供了来自研究海洋的多学科学者对BRP报告的评论：环境经济学，环境政治学，渔业科学，物理海洋学和政治经济学。BRP是一个杰出的、独特的个人团体，代表着可持续发展伙伴的不同利益。我们赞赏知识创造的呼吁，但确定了BRP忽略的各种问题：需要有效的治理来解决数据贫乏的库存，以便差距不会决定解决方案;通过项目评估促进了解治理有效性的项目的部署;以及大规模协调数据收集在促进BRP能力建设方面的重要性。评论者对报告建议对海洋健康、治理和经济发展可能产生的影响意见不一，但他们强调了报告的几个关键特征。这份报告与以往大多数关于海洋问题的高级别报告的一个核心区别是突出了人类福祉。该报告强调公地问题是一个必须解决的关键制度失败，并重点关注基于市场的机制来改善治理。该报告成功地承认了不同利益相关者之间以及人类福祉和海洋健康之间的权衡，但对于如何进行这些权衡，几乎没有具体的指导。北约伙伴国之间的历史紧张关系根深蒂固，解决这些问题需要的不仅仅是高级别的原则。例如，目前尚不清楚如何解决专有数据与报告所述的透明度和公开获取信息的愿望之间的潜在冲突。有些分歧最终可能是不可调和的。报告适当地提倡联合国具有灵活性，根据问题的具体情况调整解决办法，避免一刀切的陷阱。然而，灵活性也是一个弱点，因为BRP没有提供关于如何最好地处理跨多个尺度的问题的指导。有些尺度可能超出了气候变化框架的范围;例如，气候变化框架无法对减缓全球气候变化作出有意义的贡献。尽管如此，生物多样性委员会可以在适应气候变化方面发挥重要作用，促进建立能够应对气候变化引起的物种迁移的治理制度。
The Global Partnership for Oceans (GPO) is an alliance of governments, private firms, international organizations, and civil society groups that aims to promote ocean health while contributing to human wellbeing. A Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) was commissioned to develop guiding principles for GPO investments. Here we offer commentary on the BRP report from scholars in multiple disciplines that study the oceans: environmental economics, environmental politics, fisheries science, physical oceanography, and political economy. The BRP is a prominent, unique group of individuals representing diverse interests of GPO partners. We applaud the call for knowledge creation, but identify diverse issues that the BRP omitted: the need for effective governance to address data-poor stocks so that gaps do not dictate solutions; the deployment of projects that facilitate learning about governance effectiveness through program evaluation; and the importance of large-scale coordination of data collection in furthering the BRP's call for capacity building. Commenters' opinions are mixed on the likely impact of the report's recommendations on ocean health, governance, and economic development, but they highlight several key features of the report. A centerpiece of the report that distinguishes it from most previous high-level reports on the oceans is the prominence given to human well-being. The report emphasizes the commons problem as a critical institutional failure that must be addressed and focuses heavily on market-based mechanisms to improve governance. The report successfully acknowledges tradeoffs-across different stakeholders as well as across human well-being and ocean health but there is little specific guidance on how to make these tradeoffs. Historical tensions among GPO partners run deep, and resolving them will require more than high-level principles. For instance, it is unclear how to resolve the potential conflict between proprietary data and the report's stated desire for transparency and open access to information. Some differences may ultimately be irreconcilable. The report appropriately advocates flexibility for the GPO to adapt solutions to particulars of a problem, avoiding the trap of one size fits all. However, flexibility is also a weakness because the BRP does not provide guidance on how best to approach problems that span multiple scales. Some scales may be beyond the scope of the GPO; for example, the GPO cannot meaningfully contribute to global climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, the GPO could play an important role in climate adaptation by facilitating the development of governance regimes that are resilient to climate-induced species migrations.