Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi
Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi
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DOI：
10.2307/3761073
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zabel, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Worrall, JJ;Anagnost, SE;Zabel, RA
在腐烂测试与98个菌株（78种）的木质真菌，随后的化学和解剖分析，普遍接受的有效性，主要腐烂类型（白色，棕色，软腐）得到证实，并没有提出新的主要类型。我们可以根据解剖学和化学标准将软腐病与其他腐烂类型区分开来，而不依赖于空腔或求助于病原体的分类。从化学上看，白桦软腐病与白色腐病的Klason木质素损失较低，而与褐腐病的碱溶解度低得多。在解剖学上，白桦纤维壁在软腐病和白色腐病中的腐蚀主要由角形腐蚀通道、V形缺口和菱形腐蚀孔孔组成，而在白色腐病中主要由圆形腐蚀孔组成。紫茎泽兰科的成员通常引起低重量损失和白色腐烂的解剖学和化学降解特征模式。分离的黑木耳，judae也造成了白色腐烂，高重量损失和不寻常的，分支微腔，在S2细胞壁层中的纵向取向。10种Dacrymycetales引起的褐腐病一样，所造成的一些Aphyllophorales;大多数造成高的重量loss.Among白腐真菌对桦树，强烈选择性脱木素和强烈选择性利用甘露糖之间的关系进行了观察。白桦褐腐菌对葡萄糖以外的多糖的选择性顺序为半乳糖>甘露糖;对软腐菌的选择性顺序为阿拉伯糖>木糖。在松树上，区别不是那么清楚，但一些不同的趋势是显而易见的。以前未报道的选择性脱木素被发现在木耳目，伞菌目，并在两个目的gasteromycetes。选择性脱木质素是最明显的低重量损失。在木耳目中发现了某些类似于子囊菌门的腐烂特征，这与将该顺序置于担子菌门系统发生根附近的假设一致。提出了衰变类型的起源序列。
In decay tests with 98 isolates (78 species) of lignicolous fungi followed by chemical and anatomical analyses, the validity of the generally accepted, major decay types (white, brown, and soft rot) was confirmed, and no new major types proposed. We could distinguish soft rot from other decay types based on anatomical and chemical criteria, without reliance on cavities or recourse to taxonomy of causal agents. Chemically, soft rot of birch could be distinguished from white rot by lower Klason lignin loss, and from brown rot by much lower alkali solubility. Anatomically, erosion of birch fiber walls in soft rot was distinguished from that in white rot by the angular erosion channels, V-shaped notches and diamond-shaped, eroded pit apertures that predominated in the former and their rounded forms in the latter.Substantial decay was caused by fungi representing eight orders in addition to the Aphyllophorales. Members of the Exidiaceae generally caused low weight losses and anatomical and chemical patterns of degradation characteristic of white rot. Isolates of Auricularia auricula-judae also caused a white rot, with high weight losses and unusual, branching microcavities that were oriented longitudinally in the S2 cell-wall layer. Ten species of the Dacrymycetales caused a brown rot like that caused by some Aphyllophorales; most caused high weight losses.Among white-rot fungi on birch, a relationship was observed between strongly selective delignification and strongly selective utilization of mannose. Among brown-rot fungi on birch, the top two polyose sugars (not including glucose) in order of selectivity were galactose > mannose; among soft-rotters they were arabinose > xylose. On pine, distinctions were not so clear, but some differing trends were evident.Previously unreported selective delignifiers were found in the Auriculariales, Agaricales, and in two orders of gasteromycetes. Selective delignification was most pronounced at low weight losses. Certain decay features similar to those in the Ascomycota were found in the Auriculariales, consistent with hypotheses that place that order near the phylogenetic root of Basidiomycota. A sequence of origins of decay types is proposed.