Analysis of the cricket auditory system by acoustic stimulation using a closed sound field
Analysis of the cricket auditory system by acoustic stimulation using a closed sound field
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使用封闭声场进行声刺激分析板球听觉系统
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Wohlers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Kleindienst;U. Koch;D. Wohlers
描述了一种用于独立刺激两个板球听力器官的封闭声场系统。该系统被用来测量灰熊周围听觉系统的声学参数，并分析前胸神经节节段性听觉中间神经元omega细胞的抑制反应。1.在气管通路中，声音的最佳传输频率为5 kHz。关闭前胸气门会导致声音传播增加，但不会影响大多数动物的最佳传播频率(图6B)。声音的传递是由与呼吸周期相关的腹部收缩所调节的(图7)。2.在2到10千赫的频率范围内，已经测定了气管通路中的衰减Δ和相移ϕ。Δ在5千赫时最小，ϕ几乎随着频率线性增加(图11)。3.作用于大鼓膜两侧的声音分量形成基于线性叠加的合成声压。这种合成的声压代表了听觉感觉器官的有效刺激(图12)。4.omega细胞的反应取决于施加到鼓膜上的声音信号的强度和相对相位(图10)。5.在5 kHz时，omega细胞的反应在很大范围内随着对侧(抑制性)刺激强度的增加而线性下降。刺激开始和反应之间的潜伏期几乎与对侧抑制无关(图15和16)。6.由于双耳刺激强度不同，omega细胞和其互补镜像细胞之间的反应(峰数)差异因对侧抑制的神经元机制而增强。在一只动物中，当对侧抑制被禁用时，5 kHz处的尖峰数差相对于反应差的增益为60%。7.有证据表明，低频(f≦，2 kHz)同侧抑制omega细胞(图17)。
SummaryA closed sound field system for independent stimulation of both cricket hearing organs is described. The system was used to measure acoustic parameters of the peripheral auditory system inGryllus campestris and to analyze inhibitory responses of the omega cell, a segmental auditory interneuron in the prothoracic ganglion.1.Best sound transmission in the tracheal pathway occurs at 5 kHz. Closing of the prothoracic spiracles results in increased sound transmission but does not influence the frequency of best transmission in most animals (Fig. 6 B). Sound transmission is modulated by abdominal contractions associated with the respiratory cycle (Fig. 7).2.AttenuationΔ and phase shift ϕ in the tracheal pathway have been determined for the frequency range of 2 to 10 kHz in animals with closed spiracles.Δ shows a minimum at 5 kHz and ϕ increases almost linearly with frequency (Fig. 11).3.Sound components acting on each side of the large tympanal membrane form a resultant sound pressure based on linear superposition. This resultant sound pressure represents the effective stimulus of the auditory sense organ (Fig. 12).4.The response of the omega cell is dependent upon both intensity and relative phase of sound signals applied to the tympanal membranes (Fig. 10).5.At 5 kHz, the response of the omega cell decreases linearly with increasing contralateral (inhibitory) stimulus intensity over a wide range of intensities. The latency between stimulus onset and response is nearly independent of contralateral inhibition (Figs. 15 and 16).6.Response (spike number) differences between an omega cell and its complementary mirror image cell due to different stimulus intensities at both ears are enhanced by the neuronal mechanism of contralateral inhibition. In one animal the gain in spike number difference at 5 kHz was calculated to be 60% relative to the response difference when contralateral inhibition was disabled.7.Evidence for a low frequency (f≦2 kHz) ipsilateral inhibition of the omega cell is presented (Fig. 17).