A common origin for cosmic explosions inferred from calorimetry of GRB030329
A common origin for cosmic explosions inferred from calorimetry of GRB030329
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01998
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发表时间：
2003-11-13
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Price, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berger, E;Kulkarni, SR;Price, PA
过去的研究(1-3)表明，在修正了爆炸中的不对称性后，长持续时间的伽马射线暴在极端相对论喷出物中的“标准”能量E(伽马)约为10(51)erg。但最近发现了一组亚能爆发，包括与超新星SN1998bw(E(伽马)接近10(48)erg)有关的特殊GRB980425(4)。在这里，我们报告了对GRB030329的无线电观测，这使我们能够对爆炸进行量热。我们的数据需要两种成分的爆炸：一种是窄的(5度张开角度)极端相对论成分，负责伽马射线和早期余辉；另一种是宽的、温和的相对论成分，在爆炸后1.5天以上产生射电和光学余辉。总能量释放以宽分量为主，与其他伽马射线暴相似(1-3，5)，但伽马射线的贡献很小。考虑到GRB030329与SN2003dh的紧密联系(6，7)，我们的结果表明宇宙爆炸有一个共同的起源，其中由于尚不清楚的原因，最高速度喷出物中的能量非常不稳定。
Past studies(1-3) have suggested that long-duration gamma-ray bursts have a 'standard' energy of E(gamma)approximate to10(51) erg in the ultra-relativistic ejecta, after correcting for asymmetries in the explosion ('jets'). But a group of sub-energetic bursts, including the peculiar GRB980425 associated(4) with the supernova SN1998bw (E(gamma)approximate to10(48) erg), has recently been identified(2,3). Here we report radio observations of GRB030329 that allow us to undertake calorimetry of the explosion. Our data require a two-component explosion: a narrow (5degrees opening angle) ultra-relativistic component responsible for the gamma-rays and early afterglow, and a wide, mildly relativistic component that produces the radio and optical afterglow more than 1.5 days after the explosion. The total energy release, which is dominated by the wide component, is similar(1-3,5) to that of other gamma-ray bursts, but the contribution of the gamma-rays is energetically minor. Given the firm link(6,7) of GRB030329 with SN2003dh, our result indicates a common origin for cosmic explosions in which, for reasons not yet understood, the energy in the highest-velocity ejecta is extremely variable.