A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation: Bibliography
A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation: Bibliography
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政治和解的道德理论：参考书目
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
C. Murphy
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作者：
C. Murphy
自第二次世界大战结束以来，政界人士和人权活动家呼吁在世界各地向民主过渡的数十个国家实现政治和解。政治和解仍然是这些过渡社会面临的最重要和最具争议的挑战之一。这一点很重要，因为实现某种程度的和解对谋求全球缔造和平至关重要。然而，这也是有争议的，因为追求政治和解的道德性仍然不清楚(例如，鉴于一些人认为国家推动和解从根本上讲是狭隘的)，也因为对于哪些程序(例如大赦、刑事审判、真相委员会)在促进政治和解方面有效存在严重分歧。在《政治和解的道德理论》一书中，科琳·墨菲对重建政治关系的必要性进行了开创性的分析。核心论点是，政治和解是一个复杂的过程，涉及培养相互尊重法治、合理的政治信任和中央关系能力。墨菲的描述加深并改变了我们对促进政治和解为什么重要的理解。墨菲认为，在国内冲突和专制统治的背景下，法治、信任和能力的侵蚀在道德上是令人担忧的，因为互惠和对机构的尊重受到了破坏。在相互尊重法治、合理信任和支持能力的基础上培养政治关系具有重要意义，因为政治关系将表现出对个人及其机构的平等尊重，并承诺互惠分享社会合作的利益和负担。此外，促进政治和解就是促进民主政治关系的基本特征。墨菲的分析还为如何通过公共政策促进政治和解提供了新的见解。墨菲阐明了政策必须满足的准确标准，才能有效地重建政治关系。她告诫不要为追求政治和解制定一个一般公式；相反，应根据在特定过渡时期发现的对政治关系的特别损害来选择政策。最后，墨菲解释了为什么政治和解不能仅靠国内或国际政治精英来实现，而是内在地依赖于公民的合作和参与。
Since the end of World War II, politicians and human rights activists have called for political reconciliation in dozens of countries in transition to democracy around the world. Political reconciliation remains one of the most important and controversial challenges for such transitional societies. It is important because achieving some degree of reconciliation is critical to the pursuit of peacemaking globally. Yet, it is also controversial, both the morality of pursuing political reconciliation remains unclear (e.g., given that the promotion of reconciliation by the state is considered by some to be fundamentally illiberal) and because there is significant disagreement about what kinds of processes (e.g., amnesty, criminal trials, truth commissions) are effective in promoting political reconciliation. In A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation, Colleen Murphy develops a ground-breaking analysis of what rebuilding political relationships entails. The central thesis is that political reconciliation is a complex process involving the cultivation of mutual respect for the rule of law, reasonable political trust, and central relational capabilities. Murphy’s account deepens and transforms our understanding of why the promotion of political reconciliation matters. The erosion of the rule of law, trust, and capabilities in contexts of civil conflict and repressive rule is morally troubling, Murphy maintains, because reciprocity and respect for agency are undermined. Cultivating political relationships based on mutual respect for the rule of law, reasonable trust, and support for capabilities is significant because political relationships will then express equal respect for individuals and their agency and a commitment to the reciprocal sharing of the benefits and burdens of social cooperation. Furthermore, to promote political reconciliation is to promote the fundamental characteristics of democratic political relationships. Murphy’s analysis also provides novel insight into how to promote political reconciliation through public policy. Murphy articulates the precise criteria that policies must satisfy to be effective in rebuilding political relationships. She cautions against developing a general formula for the pursuit of political reconciliation; policies instead should be selected based on the particular damage to political relationships found in a given transitional context. Finally, Murphy explains why political reconciliation cannot be achieved by domestic or international political elites alone, but intrinsically depends on the cooperation and involvement of citizens.