The tobacco industry's role in the 16 cities study of secondhand tobacco smoke: Do the data support the stated conclusions?
The tobacco industry's role in the 16 cities study of secondhand tobacco smoke: Do the data support the stated conclusions?
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9385
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Glantz, Stanton A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, Richard L.;Hammond, S. Katharine;Glantz, Stanton A.
背景技术背景：自1996年以来，烟草业一直使用16个城市研究的结论，即工作场所二手烟草烟雾（SHS）暴露低于家庭暴露，认为工作场所和其他吸烟限制是不必要的。我们的目标是通过分析烟草行业的内部文件、监管机构和法庭记录，并评估研究结论的有效性。结果：烟草业进行16个城市研究的目的是开发数据，显示工作场所的SHS暴露是可以忽略不计的，使用这些数据来阻止美国职业安全与健康管理局的吸烟限制。雷诺兹烟草公司和烟草行业的室内空气研究中心在控制这项研究中的广泛参与没有完全披露。该项研究对“吸烟工作地点”的定义，包括规定只在指定范围内吸烟或禁止吸烟的工作地点。这一定义大大降低了研究报告的“吸烟工作场所”的平均SHS浓度，因为不受限制的吸烟工作场所的SHS水平远远高于指定吸烟区或没有吸烟的工作场所。分层的数据由家庭吸烟状态和工作场所吸烟状态的暴露进行比较，但是，表明无烟工作场所将减少一半的总SHS暴露的那些与吸烟者生活在一起，几乎消除SHS暴露为大多数其他CONCLUSIONS：数据在16个城市的研究表明，无烟工作场所将大大减少总SHS暴露，提供显着的工人和公共卫生福利。
BACKGROUND: Since 1996, the tobacco industry has used the 16 Cities Study conclusions that workplace secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposures are lower than home exposures to argue that workplace and other smoking restrictions are unnecessary.OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine the origins and objectives of the 16 Cities Study through analysis of internal tobacco industry documents and regulatory agency and court records, and to evaluate the validity of the study's conclusions.RESULTS: The tobacco industry's purpose in conducting the 16 Cities Study was to develop data showing that workplace SHS exposures were negligible, using these data to stop smoking restrictions by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The extensive involvement of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and the tobacco industry's Center for Indoor Air Research in controlling the study was not fully disclosed. The study's definition of "smoking workplace" included workplaces where smoking was restricted to designated areas or where no smoking was observed. This definition substantially reduced the studys reported average SHS concentrations in "smoking workplaces" because SHS levels in unrestricted smoking workplaces are much greater than in workplaces with designated smoking areas or where no smoking occurred. Stratifying the data by home smoking status and comparing exposures by workplace smoking status, however, indicates that smoke-free workplaces would halve the total SHS exposure of those living with smokers and virtually eliminate SHS exposure for most others.CONCLUSIONS: Data in the 16 Cities Study reveal that smoke-free workplaces would dramatically reduce total SHS exposure, providing significant worker and public health benefits.