Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection.
Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182010001216
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mutapi F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourke CD;Maizels RM;Mutapi F
不同寄生虫感染的免疫生物学相似性表明，人类和蠕虫的共同进化形成了共同的抗蠕虫免疫反应。然而，最近的体外和免疫流行病学研究强调了宿主-蠕虫相互作用中的根本差异和可塑性。宿主免疫反应中固有的免疫和免疫病理之间的‘权衡’发生在遗传多态、不同的暴露模式和感染史的背景下。对于寄生虫来说，生命周期和抗原表达的变化会影响针对它们的效应器反应。当比较胃肠道蠕虫和组织寄生蠕虫时，这一点尤其明显。此外，对抗寄生虫治疗和合并感染对获得性免疫的影响的见解表明，免疫异质性不仅来自隔离的宿主和寄生虫，还来自免疫反应发展的环境。在人类蠕虫硫酶的流行病学中观察到的大规模差异是复杂的宿主-寄生虫-环境相互作用的产物，考虑到在子宫内暴露于寄生虫抗原的可能性，甚至在寄生虫与其人类宿主相互作用之前就可能发生。这篇综述总结了人类对具有公共卫生重要性的线虫和吸虫感染的获得性免疫反应的主要差异，并探索了导致这些差异的因素。
Similarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recent in vitro and immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector responses directed against them. This is particularly apparent when comparing gastrointestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths. Furthermore, insights into the impact of anti-helminthic treatment and co-infection on acquired immunity suggest that immune heterogeneity arises not from hosts and parasites in isolation, but also from the environment in which immune responses develop. Large-scale differences observed in the epidemiology of human helminthiases are a product of complex host-parasite-environment interactions which, given potential for exposure to parasite antigens in utero, can arise even before a parasite interacts with its human host. This review summarizes key differences identified in human acquired immune responses to nematode and trematode infections of public health importance and explores the factors contributing to these variations.