What Good are Models?
What Good are Models?
复制标题
模型有什么好处？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Sirjani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edward A. Lee;M. Sirjani
模型是工程学的核心。它们用于分析、合成和人类之间的交流。一个给定的工件或过程可能有多个不同目的的模型，对不同的方面进行建模，或者在不同的抽象级别上进行建模。在本文中，我们对如何使用模型进行了概述，目的是使不同社区的概念更加清晰。我们专注于自动化系统的基于轨道的流量管理领域，并确定两种不同的建模风格，欧拉和拉格朗日。欧拉模型侧重于空间区域，而拉格朗日模型侧重于在空间中移动的实体。我们讨论了系统的特征，如集中或分散控制或安装固定基础设施的能力，如何影响这些风格之间的选择。尽管很少有意识地在建模风格之间做出选择，但它会影响建模效率，并且一种风格可能比另一种更适合某些建模问题。对于物理空间具有更全局性质的问题，欧拉模型可能是更好的匹配。对于特别关注运动物体的问题，其中单个物体的身份很重要，拉格朗日观点是可以选择的。在许多情况下，将两种风格结合起来是最有效的方法。我们用一个自动化采石场的例子来说明这两种风格。
Models are central to engineering. They are used for analysis, synthesis, and communication between humans. A given artifact or process may have multiple models with different purposes, modeling different aspects, or modeling at varying levels of abstraction. In this paper, we give a general overview of how models are used, with the goal of making the concepts clearer for different communities. We focus on the domain of track-based flow management of automated systems, and identify two different modeling styles, Eulerian and Lagrangian. Eulerian models focus on regions of space, whereas Lagrangian models focus on entities moving through space. We discuss how the features of the system, like having centralized or decentralized control or the ability to install fixed infrastructure, influence the choice between these styles. Although the choice between modeling styles is rarely made consciously, it affects modeling efficiency, and one style may be far better suited for certain modeling problems than another. For problems with a more global nature concerning the physical space, an Eulerian model is likely to be a better match. For problems that concern the moving objects specifically, where the identity of the individual objects is important, a Lagrangian view is the one to choose. In many cases, combining the two styles is the most effective approach. We illustrate the two styles using an example of an automated quarry.