Practice of regional function optimization in Sanjiangyuan National Park based on N%
Practice of regional function optimization in Sanjiangyuan National Park based on N%
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DOI：
10.16829/j.slxb.150342
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发表时间：
2019-07-30
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhao Xinquan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li Qi;Hu Linyong;Zhao Xinquan
三江源国家公园是我国首个国家公园体制试点。需要最严格的生态保护。同时，妥善处理当地牧民生计与资源环境承载力的关系，形成人与自然和谐发展的新模式。本研究探讨了自然比例（N%），即，以三江源国家公园区域尺度为研究对象，探讨了生物多样性和生态系统服务功能最小保护面积和当地牧民生计最大保护面积，并探索了社会生态系统可持续管理的途径和模式。基于以下公式计算理论、实际和预测的N%：家畜的食物生态位容量和重叠（家牦牛和藏羊）和野生有蹄类食草动物（羚羊、藏原羚、野牦牛、藏野驴），种群数量，优势牲畜的密度和土地利用（116.70 x 10（4）羊单位）和野生有蹄类食草动物（31.40 x 10（4）羊单位）和牲畜数量（123.07 x 10（4）羊单位）分别达到当地牧民（6.43 x 10（4））基本生活需要的90%、30%和74%。进一步通过区域间空间耦合和资源配置优化，利用周边支持区草业发展所产生的牧草资源，进行绿色期休牧和温牧冷饲两阶段饲喂（供草190天，即2000年），实现N %和预测N%可分别优化为67%和83%。增加4.47 × 10（4）km（2）草地用于保护）或牲畜数量（饲养牲畜60.25 × 10（4）羊单位，即，增加1.55 x 10（4）km（2）草地用于保护），以满足当地牧民的基本生活需求。不同的核算条件、方法和目的所得到的N%有很大的差异。多目标下合理可行的N%核算应考虑生物多样性保护区、生态安全屏障关键区、未来气候变化影响抵消区、重要生态系统服务受益区的识别、优先排序和分区（如水资源），适合当地牧民发展的地区，生态系统服务评估和生态系统服务产品的量化。通过识别和综合考虑上述影响社会生态系统的因素，可以在生态区域尺度上量化三江源国家公园的N%，实现其可持续发展。
Sanjiangyuan National Park is the first pilot of the national park system in China. It requires the strictest ecological protection. At the same time, the relationship between the local pastoralists' livelihood and the carrying capacity of resources and environment should be properly handled to form a new model of harmonious development between humans and nature. This study explores the nature proportion (N%), i.e., the minimum conservation area for biodiversity and ecosystem services and the maximum area for local pastoralists' livelihood at the regional scale of the Sanjiangyuan National Park, and seeks approaches and models of sustainable management of the social-ecological system. The theoretical, realized and predicted N% are calculated based on: the diet niche volume and overlap of domestic livestock (Domestic yak and Tibetan sheep) and wild ungulate herbivores (Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle, Wild yak and Tibetan wild ass), the population, density and land use of dominated livestock (116.70 x 10(4) sheep unit) and wild ungulate herbivores (31.40 x 10(4) sheep unit), and the livestock population (123.07 x 10(4) sheep unit) at local (6.43 x 10(4)) pastoralists' basic living needs, by 90%, 30 % and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, the realized and predicted N% can be optimized to 67 and 83%, respectively, by spatial coupling and optimizing of resource allocation among regions, and utilizing forage resources produced by the development of the grass industry in the peripheral support area for Rest grazing during turning green period and Warm Grazing Cold Feeding Two-stage Feeding (supplying forage for 190 days, i.e., an increase of 4.47 x 10(4) km(2) grassland for conservation) or for livestock population (feeding livestock of 60.25 x 10(4) sheep unit, i.e., increase of 1.55 x 10(4) km(2) grassland for conservation) at local pastoralists basic living needs. The N% obtained by different accounting conditions, methods, and purposes is quite different. The accounting of a practical and reasonable N% under multiple targets should consider identifying, prioritizing and zoning of biodiversity conservation areas, key areas of ecological security barriers, the areas offsetting the impact of future climate change, the beneficiary areas of important ecosystem services (such as water resources), suitable areas for local pastoralists development, and ecosystem services assessment and quantifying of ecosystem services goods. By identifying and comprehensive consideration of all of the above factors affecting the social-ecological system, it is possible to quantify N% for Sanjiangyuan National Park at a scale of ecoregions, so as to realize its sustainable development.