A Region Under Threat? Climate Change Impacts, Institutional Change and Response of Local Communities in Coastal Yucatán
A Region Under Threat? Climate Change Impacts, Institutional Change and Response of Local Communities in Coastal Yucatán
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受威胁的地区？气候变化的影响、制度变革和尤卡坦州沿海当地社区的反应
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
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通讯作者：
T. Haller
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Schneider;T. Haller
尤卡坦半岛是墨西哥面临气候变化风险最大的地区，也是导致环境严重退化的社会政治和体制变化的焦点。北方地区特别受到降雨不规律、干旱和热带风暴以及体制变化（主要是私人土地产权）的影响，这些变化导致森林用途不同，破坏了重新造林的努力。该地区还经历了灾难性的野火，这些野火往往发生在因气候变化而加剧的树木倒塌飓风之后。这些条件影响到当地人民的生计，迫使他们作出调整。此外，富裕的加勒比旅游海岸与内陆农村地区之间的发展不平等阻碍了内陆生计的可持续性和改善，使农村人口不愿投资于自己的土地，并导致他们移徙工作。然而，稳定的人口和对森林和林业机构的长期经济投资可能是更能抵御气候变化的景观的基础。为了理解这些过程，本章着重于经济剥削、社会和政治边缘化的历史和制度转变，以及尤卡坦半岛东北部当地人口的循环劳动力迁移等具体适应策略。这一制度历史使人口和景观更容易受到气候事件和气候变化的影响，并使地方集体造林行动更加困难。唯一保留的主要森林地区是公有的。本章讨论了在边缘化和气候变化条件下公域对可持续发展和增强复原力的影响。
The Yucatan peninsula is the region in Mexico most at risk in the face of climate change, and it is a focal point of sociopolitical and institutional changes that have led to serious environmental degradation. The northern part is particularly affected by irregular rainfall, droughts, and tropical storms, as well as institutional changes (mainly in private property land rights) leading to different uses of forests that are undermining reforestation efforts. The area also experiences catastrophic wildfires that often follow tree-toppling hurricanes exacerbated by climate change. These conditions affect the livelihoods of local people, forcing them to adjust. In addition, inequality in development between the wealthy Caribbean tourist coast and its rural hinterland hinder the sustainability and improvement of livelihoods inland, discouraging rural people from investing in their land and leading them to migrate for work. However, a stable population and long-term economic investment in forests and forestry institutions could be the basis for a more climate-resilient landscape. To understand these processes, this chapter focuses on historical and institutional transformations of economic exploitation, social and political marginalization, and specific adaptation strategies like circular labor migration of the local population in northeastern Yucatan. This institutional history has made the population and the landscape more vulnerable to climate events and climate change, and has made local collective action for reforestation more difficult. The only major area that remains forested is communally owned. The chapter discusses the implications of the commons for sustainable development and increased resilience under conditions of peripheralization and climate change.