Observational and Theoretical Cosmology and Related Topics

开展一系列关于星系、类星体、引力透镜、星系团、球状星团等方面的研究项目。虽然将进行大量的理论研究，但主要的推动力是观测。理论程序试图理解、模拟或预测基本的观测结果。将所有这些项目结合在一起的一些仪器增强了我们对河外天体基本类别的性质、起源和演化的理解。人们希望并相信，这种改进的理解将提供对整个宇宙属性的关键见解，即宇宙的宇宙学。具体的项目旨在提供1)一个详细的落入主导星系形成模型，2)直接确定暗星系团中星系演化的性质，3)引力透镜的统计有用样本，4)对已知透镜系统的详细观测研究，5)对遥远星系团性质的详细研究。6)确定了截止点附近类星体的光度红移分布；7)明确确定了引人注目的类星体对1146+111B， C的性质；8)为几个研究得很好的球状星团建立了详细的动力学模型和种群模型；9)通过自动巡天定位的微弱可变天体样本；10)阐明了星系内部动力学和相互作用的几个细节方面；11)建立了马姆奎斯特偏差对河外距离尺度和特殊速度场测定的影响模型。

A broad set of research projects concerning galaxies, quasars, gravitational lenses, clusters of galaxies, and globular star clusters will be carried out. Although substantial theoretical research will be done, the primary thrust is observational. The theoretical programs are attempts to understand, model, or predictbasic observational results. Some instrumental enhancements uniting all of these programs have improved our understanding of the nature, origin, and evolution of the fundamental classes of extragalactic objects above. It is hoped and believed that such an improved understanding will provide critical insights into the properties of the Universe as a whole, that is the cosmology of the Universe. The specific projects are intended to provide 1) a detailed model for infall dominated galaxy formation, 2) a direct determination of the nature of galaxy evolution in faint clusters, 3) a statistically useful sample of gravitational lenses, 4) detailed observational studies of known lens systems, 5) a detailed study of the properties of distant clusters of galaxies, 6) a determination of the quasar luminosity-redshift distribution near the cutoff, 7) a clear determination of the nature of the remarkable quasar pair 1146+111B, C 8) detailed dynamical and population models for several well studied globular clusters, 9) a sample of faint variable objects located by an automated survey, 10) an elucidation of several detailed aspects of the internal dynamics and interactions of galaxies, and 11) a model of the effects of Malmquist biases on the extragalactic distance scale and determinations of peculiar velocity fields.