Vapor Pressure Studies of Hydrophobic Interactions (Chemistry)

虽然疏水相互作用是普遍存在的， 在各种化学和生物学中至关重要， 系统，蒸汽压结果是独一无二的，因为它们提供了 明确的热力学信息， 稀水溶液中的烃部分。 克里斯蒂安医生 将进行广泛的新解决方案研究，目标是 获得高精度数据的系统，其中疏水 相互作用是主要的关联效应。 通过对自动蒸汽压进行重大改进， 设备，它计划大大扩大的范围， 可以调查的系统。 水系统应 研究将包括：个人的二元溶液 碳氢化合物和氟化碳氢化合物分子，三元 含有挥发性烃和非挥发性烃的溶液 极性溶质（包括表面活性剂）和极稀 脂肪醇的水溶液。 后一种类型的 研究已经得出了非常精确的蒸汽压 甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇和叔丁醇的结果。 相互作用参数（吉布斯自由能， 熵）的成对和高阶相互作用 酒精分子的精确度 以前从未实现过。 新的自动化系统将 使获得优良的总蒸汽和部分蒸汽成为可能， 许多化合物的溶液的压力结果，包括 脂肪醇，其挥发性比水小。

Although hydrophobic interactions are ubiquitous and fundamentally important in a variety of chemical and biological systems, vapor pressure results are unique in that they provide unambiguous thermodynamic information about the association of hydrocarbon moieties in dilute aqueous solution. Dr. Christian will undertake extensive new solution studies, with the goal of obtaining highly-precise data for systems in which hydrophobic interactions are the predominant associative effects. By making a major improvement in the automated vapor pressure apparatus, it is planned to expand considerably the range of systems that can be investigated. Aqueous systems to be studied will include: binary solutions of individual hydrocarbons and fluorinated hydrocarbon molecules, ternary solutions containing volatile hydrocarbons and nonvolatile polar solutes (including surfactants), and very dilute solutions of aliphatic alcohols in water. This latter type of study has already yielded extremely precise vapor pressure results for methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol. Interaction parameters (Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies) for pairwise and higher-order interactions of alcohol molecules have been obtained with an accuracy that has never been attained previously. The new automated system will make it possible to obtain excellent total and partial vapor pressure results for solutions of many compounds, including the aliphatic alcohols, that are less volatile than water.