Studies of Distant Galaxies

星系在数十亿光年距离上的特性 几年来，他们正在调查。 这样的星系被视为 处于进化的早期阶段， 方面的影响. 此外，宇宙的曲率扩大了 星系图像的明显大小到可检测的程度，如果 距离足够大。 这一领域的进展是 困难是因为进化、选择和宇宙学 影响可能在外观上相似，意外的 这种微弱源的测量误差可能很大。 的 宇宙中大尺度结构的存在提供了 丰富的新领域的研究，但复杂的定义 统计公平样本。 这些研究将包括 最终使用所有实际可获得的信息， 遥远星系的完整样本，包括 和内部运动学。 将探讨方法 首先是观测附近的星系。 一个望远镜 将配备阵列探测器， 近红外光，另一个望远镜将配备 用光谱仪 进行的观察， 大型望远镜观测遥远的星系，将涉及 使用相同的红外线阵列探测器 精确的光度测量。 一个持续的非常微弱的红移 调查将扩大到绘制大规模的结构， 宇宙在最大的可达距离。

The properties of galaxies at distances of many billions of light years are to be investigated. Such galaxies are seen as they were at earlier stages of evolution and may reveal evolutionary effects. Moreover, the curvature of the universe expands the apparent sizes of galaxy images to a detectable degree if the distance is great enough. Progress in this field has been difficult because evolutionary, selection, and cosmological effects may be similar in appearance, and the accidental measurement errors of such faint sources may be large. The existence of large-scale structure in the universe provides a rich new field for study, but complicates the definition of statistically fair samples. The studies will feature the ultimate use of all practically accessible information for complete samples of distant galaxies, including the morphology and the internal kinematics. The methodology will be explored first by making observations of nearby galaxies. One telescope will be instrumented with an array detector sensitive to near-infrared light, and another telescope will be instrumented with an optical spectrograph. The observations, carried out with large telescopes to observe distant galaxies, will involve the use of the same infrared array detector for the purpose of making precise photometric measurements. An ongoing very faint redshift survey will be expanded to map out large-scale structure in the universe at the greatest accessible distances.