Research in Channel Bed Degradation of the River Nile as a Consequence of the High Aswan Dam

摘要叙述项目描述：乔治华盛顿大学的哈立德·马哈茂德博士和开罗大学的易卜拉欣·M·埃拉西提博士的合作研究提案《发展中国家的科学》的目标是在美国和埃及之间实现冲积河道机制方面的科学知识交流。埃拉西提博士开发了一个数学模型来预测由于阿斯旺大坝的修建而导致的尼罗河河床退化。这项拟议的研究将包括乔治·华盛顿大学在巴基斯坦完成的冲积河道研究中开发的水力、沉积和地貌关系的测试和改进，并将其纳入埃及的模型。这一改进和先进的模式将适用于尼罗河大坝前和大坝后时期的历史数据。项目意义：这项研究将为进一步发展与埃及冲积河道问题有关的国际专业知识提供机会。由于高阿斯旺大坝减少了泥沙负荷，这些河道正在发生变化。尼罗河河道和埃及运河系统因河床退化和运河堤岸不稳定而发生变化。巴基斯坦正在经历类似的问题，在该国的河流上修建蓄水坝。随着世界上其他国家修建蓄水坝以巩固其河流的基流量，这些问题无疑将一再发生。这项关于尼罗河的研究与在巴基斯坦完成的冲积河道研究相结合，将为美国和埃及科学家提供更多的科学成果，以解决他们国家和世界其他国家需要的水资源和水道系统问题。

Abstract Narrative Project Description: The objective of this Science in Developing Countries cooperative research proposal between Dr. Khalid Mahmood of The George Washington University and Dr. Ibrahim M. Elassiouti of Cairo University is to implement an exchange of scientific knowledge in the mechanics of alluvial channels between the U.S. and Egypt. Dr. Elassiouti has developed a mathematical model to predict the channel bed degradation occuring in the River Nile as a consequence of the High Aswan Dam. This proposed research will cover the testing and improvement of hydralic, sedimentation and morphologic relations developed by George Washington University research in the alluvial channel research accomplished in Pakistan and their incorporation in the Egyptian model. This improved and advanced model will be applied to the historic data for the River Nile for both the pre- and post-dam periods. Project Significance: This research will provide the opportunity to further the development of international expertise relevant to the alluvial channel problems in Egypt. Those channels are undergoing changes due to the curtailment of sediment load by the High Aswan Dam. Changes in the Nile River channel and the Egyptian canal system in the degradation of the river bed and the instability of the canal banks are already occurring. Similar problems are being experienced in Pakistan with the building of storage dams on the rivers of that country. As other countries in the world build storage dams to firm up base flows of their rivers, these problems will undoubtedly occur again and again. This research on the Nile, when interrelated with the alluvial channel research accomplished in Pakistan, will provide both U.S. and Egypt scientists enhanced scientific results to address the problems of water resources and waterway systems in their countries and as needed in other countries of the world.