Frame Base Decision Making in a Distributed Decision Making Environment

发射航天飞机的决策是在分布式决策环境中做出的决策的一个例子。分布式决策（DDM）通常是指决策者或信息分布在各个信息处理中心的决策。决策者可以是一组人、一个人或一个基本事务（计算机程序的一部分）。该建议关注的是DDM环境，在这种环境中，决策者是按层次组织的人，并分散在地理上可能分离也可能不分离的信息处理中心。大多数关于人类决策的研究都关注于个体决策者的行为。很明显，把相同的人归为“经济人”或“理想决策者”是不现实的。这种模型倾向于对群体决策做出错误的预测。因此，需要的是一种聚合单个模型的方法，这种方法不会违反由于分布式决策制定企业所涉及的事实而对单个决策制定的约束。在DDM环境中需要一个人类决策者的模型。这种模型将减少对昂贵的野外演习、战争和组织博弈的依赖，因为影响决策错误的参数难以控制。此外，这样的模型将使研究人员能够对分布式环境中的人类决策行为做出预测，然后进行经验检验。

The decision to launch a space shuttle is an example of a decision that is made in a distributed decision making environment. Distributed decision making (DDM) typically refers to decision making when the decision makers or the information are distributed across information processing centers. A decision maker may be a group of humans, a single human, or a basic transaction (piece of a computer program). The concern of this proposal is with DDM environments where the decision makers are humans organized hierarchically and dispersed across information processing centers that may or may not be geographically separate. Most work on human decision making has been concerned with the behavior of individual decision makers. It is quite clear that it is unrealistic to lump together identical people into an "economic man" or "ideal decision maker". Such models tend to make erroneous predictions vis-a-vis group decision making. Consequently, what is needed is a way of aggregating individual models that does not violate the constraints placed on individual decision making due to the fact that are involved in a distributed decision making enterprise. There is a need for a model of the human decision maker in a DDM environment. Such a model would decrease reliance on expensive field exercises and war and organizational games where parameters affecting decision errors are difficult to control. Further, such a model would enable researchers to make predictions about human decision making behavior in distributed environments which could then be empirically tested.