Studies of Waves in the Lower Atmosphere

平坦地形上的大气边界层已经得到了广泛的研究，许多结果可以在局部意义上应用于不太理想的条件。但是起伏的地形带来了独特的效果，在覆盖的流体中产生内部波，这些波将在风逆转的地方被重新吸收。因此，风经历了波浪引起的阻力、湍流和水平涡旋。目前的中层大气研究解决了这些问题，以类似的方式解决边界层问题对这两个领域都是有利的。本研究还探讨了一种新型的大气波模式，这种模式需要一个“盖子”来防止波能泄漏到高层大气中。这种新模态的盖子出现在其固有频率与本地惯性频率匹配的高度。这样做的一个后果是管道的性质随纬度而变化；在热带对流层中，波动量可以向亚热带的破坏性终点汇集。这种与波相关的输运影响了纬向角动量的分布。

The atmospheric boundary layer over flat terrain has been extensively studied, and many of the results can be applied in a local sense to less idealized conditions. But undulating terrain introduces unique effects which generate internal waves in the overlaying fluid, which will be reabsorbed at levels where the wind reverses. Thus, the wind experiences wave-induced drag, turbulence, and horizontal eddying. Current middle-atmosphere studies address such problems, and it should prove advantageous to both fields to address the boundary layer in a similar fashion. This research also investigates a new type of atmospheric wave mode which requires a "lid" to prevent the wave energy from leaking off into the upper atmosphere. The lid for this new mode occurs at the height where its intrinsic frequency matches the local inertial frequency. One consequence of this is that the duct properties change with latitude; in the tropical troposphere wave momentum can be funneled towards a destructive terminator in the subtropics. Such wave-associated transports influence the distribution of zonal angular momentum.