The Ultraviolet Radiation Environment of Antarctica

南极洲春季期间平流层臭氧的减少引起了人们对太阳紫外线辐射通量增加的潜在生物影响的担忧。虽然南极大陆本身生活的生命形式很少，但对海洋和沿海生物的潜在影响是值得进一步研究的问题。此外，这种情况还提供了测试紫外线辐射大气透过率随臭氧浓度变化的模型的机会。弗雷德里克提议定义南极洲和附近海洋上紫外线辐射的气候学。在春季臭氧耗竭之前、期间和之后，将使用位于三个南极站(南极、帕尔默和麦克默多)的扫描光谱辐射计测量紫外线辐射。弗雷德里克发展了一个包括臭氧吸收、多次瑞利散射、下边界反射和云层散射的双流辐射传输模型。将利用现有地点的地面数据、对南极大陆上空臭氧的卫星测量以及基于弗雷德里克模型的一套辐射传输计算，为整个南极地区一年中阳光充足的部分发展紫外线辐射气候学。此外，数据还将用于评估环境紫外线辐射水平对健康和生物的影响。

The decrease in stratospheric ozone over Antarctica during the Austral spring has prompted concern over potential biological effects of an enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation flux. Although few life forms inhabit the Antarctic continent itself, the potential impacts on oceanic and coastal organisms are issues which merit further study. Furthermore, the situation provides an opportunity to test models of atmospheric transmittance of ultraviolet radiation as a function of ozone concentration. Frederick proposes to define the climatology of ultraviolet radiation over Antarctica and the nearby ocean. Measurements of ultraviolet radiation will be taken before, during, and after the period of springtime ozone depletion, using scanning spectroradiometers located at three Antarctic stations (South Pole, Palmer, and McMurdo). Frederick has developed a two-stream radiative transfer model which includes absorption by ozone, multiple Rayleigh scattering, reflection from a lower boundary, and scattering by clouds. Ultraviolet radiation climatology will be developed for the entire Antarctic region over the sunlit portion of an entire year using ground- based data at the available sites, satellite measurements of ozone over the continent, and a set of radiative transfer calculations based on Frederick's model. In addition, data will be used to evaluate the health and biological consequences of the ambient levels of ultraviolet radiation.