Mouse Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

家鼠野生种群的遗传学研究 提供了深入了解这些结构和动态 人口。 自然遗传变异的知识将 增强对实验室小鼠基因组的了解， 这是一个模型系统， 疾病 这些知识将有助于理解 使家鼠种群如此成功， 进化的基因基础 在这个项目中，研究人员 将决定基因的核苷酸序列， 线粒体染色体（mtDNA）。 MtDNA可用于 因为它的进化比原子核更快 DNA. 所获得的数据将用于估计 小鼠mtDNA的进化，并将其与已经 在人类和其他动物中测量。 这些理论将是 测试表明，世代时间是分子生物学中的一个关键因素， 啮齿类动物的进化速度明显快于 在分子水平上的其他生物。 结果也将是 用于进一步研究基因间的相互作用， 欧洲小家鼠和小家鼠杂交区 并确定各种啮齿动物之间的进化关系 与家鼠有密切关系和远亲关系， 解剖学和化石数据导致推断的情况下， 与现有的分子证据相冲突。 将使用一种新技术来获得DNA序列。 从少量组织中的DNA开始，聚合酶 链式反应用于扩增DNA的特定片段， 放大一百万倍，然后可以对扩增产物进行测序， 直接. 因为这种方法避免了繁琐的步骤， 克隆并在数千个克隆体中搜索所需的克隆体， 数百万人的DNA序列数据， 在大规模上。 DNA序列水平的常规调查 数以百计的动物被捕获，然后在收集后释放， 一滴血或几根头发现在是可行的。 此外，委员会认为， 因为在博物馆的皮肤中大量存在的修改过的DNA痕迹 和其他样品足以作为起始材料，世界上 一个世纪或更长时间积累的标本库在 最后一次进行分子遗传分析

Genetical research on wild populations of house mice provides insight into the structure and dynamics of those populations. Knowledge of the natural genetic variation will enhance understanding of the genome of the laboratory mouse, which is a model system for investigating the basis of many diseases. Such knowledge will contribute to understanding what makes house mouse populations so successful and to knowledge of the genetic basis of evolution. In this project, the researchers will determine the nucleotide sequences of genes on the mitochondrial chromosome (mtDNA). MtDNA is of use in evolutionary studies because it evolves more rapidly than nuclear DNA. The data obtained will be used to estimate the rate of mtDNA evolution in mice and to compare it with the rate already measured in humans and other animals. The theories will be tested that generation time is a key factor in molecular evolution and that rodents have evolved significantly faster than other creatures at the molecular level. The results will also be used to investigate further the genetic interactions in the European hybrid zone between Mus domesticus and Mus musculus mice and to determine evolutionary relationships among various rodents closely and distantly related to house mice, with emphasis on cases where anatomical and fossil data have led to inferences in conflict with the available molecular evidence. A new technique will be used to obtain the DNA sequences. Starting with the DNA in a tiny amount of tissue, the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify specific segments of DNA up to a million-fold; the amplified product can then be sequenced directly. Because this method avoids the tedious steps of cloning and searching for the desired clone among thousands or millions of others, it makes possible obtaining DNA sequence data on a large scale. Routine surveys at the DNA sequence level of hundreds of animals captured and then released after collection of a drop of blood or a few hairs are now feasible. Furthermore, because the traces of modified DNA that abound in museum skins and other samples suffice as the starting material, the world's storehouse of specimens accumulated over a century or more is at last accessible to molecular genetic analysis.