Airborne Studies of Aerosols, Trace Gases, Stratus Clouds and Ice Leads in the North American Arctic

本项目是利用机载激光雷达（Lidar）研究北极雾霾和层云的特征。它将特别关注北极大气中的气溶胶和微量气体浓度，以及燃烧产物、硫种（DMS）和当地产生并引入地表的水蒸气的影响。该激光雷达将搭载在美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）运营的WP-3D飞机和华盛顿大学运营的C-131A研究飞机上。激光雷达将提供有关北极雾霾层的空间特征、地表逆温的存在和高度以及北极海冰裂缝和开放区域的大小和间距的信息。它通过观测到的粒子的后向散射特性，结合对粒子散射函数的同时支持观测来实现这一点。激光雷达能够分辨十米量级的垂直结构和一百米量级的水平结构，并具有观测北极雾霾的多重层状性质的能力，特别是在迄今为止很少观测的夏季。同时的落风探空仪将显示雾霾层是被动平流还是主动平流到周围的气团中。

This project is an airborne laser radar (Lidar) study of the characteristics of arctic haze and stratus clouds. It will focus specifically on aerosol and trace gas concentrations in the arctic atmosphere, and on the effects of combustion products, sulfur species (DMS), and water vapor generated locally and introduced at the surface. The lidar will be flown on board a WP-3D aircraft operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and a C-131A research aircraft operated by the University of Washington. The lidar will provide information on the spatial characteristics of arctic haze layers, the presence and height of the surface temperature inversion, and the size and spacing of cracks and open areas in the arctic sea ice. It does this through the observed backscatter characteristics of particles in conjunction with simultaneous supporting observations of the scattering function of the particles. The lidar is capable of resolving vertical structure on the order of ten meters, and horizontal structure on the order of one hundred meters, and has a demonstrated ability to observe the multiple laminated nature of arctic haze, particularly in summer when observations have heretofore been rare. Simultaneous dropwindsondes will indicate whether the haze layers are passively advected or if they are actively advecting into the surrounding air mass.