Dissertation Research: The Roles of Endogenous and ExogenousFactors in Settlement Patterns of Juvenile Western Sandpipers, Calidris mauri

鸟类的差异性迁徙造成了 越冬期的性别和年龄分布。 内源性 和外来因素影响移徙模式， 不同物种之间的相对影响差异很大， 物种内的个体。 一个强大的内源性成分可能 控制迁移特征，如迁移距离、方向 和时机 本项目旨在研究 内、外生因素对城市居民点格局的影响 青少年女性和男性西方鹬（Calidris mauri）。 Zugunruhe（迁徙不安）和 将测量不同性别青少年的取向。的 粮食资源和社会地位有限对儿童 Zugunruhe表达在青少年之前和之后， 将审查移民终止问题。 的行为 短暂停留，自由生活的青少年， 两性在该物种的北方过冬 范围，以及女性通常不会定居的地区将被 监测。 这项研究将有助于了解 差异移民的演变，因为它包含了 遗传和生态因素分析 在非繁殖季节的性别类别的分布。

Differential migration in birds creates skewed latitudinal wintering distributions of sex and age classes. Both endogenous and exogenous factors influence migration patterns, although the relative effects vary greatly between species, and among individuals within a species. A strong endogenous component may control migratory features such as migration distance, direction and timing. This project intends to examine the roles of endogenous and exogenous factors in settlement patterns of juvenile female and male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri). The expression of Zugunruhe (migratory restlessness) and orientation in juveniles of different sex will be measured. The effects of restricted food resources and social status on the expression of Zugunruhe in juveniles before and after the termination of migration will be examined. The behavior of short-stopped, free-living juveniles to compare the ability of the sexes to live in the northern part of the species winter range, and area where females do not typically settle will be monitored. This study will contribute to the understanding of the evolution of differential migration, as it incorporates analysis of both heritable and ecological factors in explaining the distribution of sex classes during the nonbreeding season.