"Doctoral Dissentation Research in History and Philosophy ofScience"

马克·斯韦特利茨，博士论文学生;题目：“朱利安·赫胥黎， 乔治盖洛德辛普森和20世纪的进步思想 进化生物学。" Swetlitz先生的博士论文研究重点是 之间分歧的发展、背景和性质 朱利安赫胥黎和乔治盖洛德辛普森的定义， 证据支持，以及这一想法的含义， 进化的进程 他们对 进步--朝着更好的方向进化--可以是 通过探讨他们之间的分歧， 关于进化模式和伦理问题， 这在当今科学界仍有争议。 这项研究始于1900年，探讨了 赫胥黎的进化论思想是由他的 牛津教育和当代观点的化石模式， 主要是单向的和确定的。 到了1940年代， 对化石模式的另一种解释是， 方向和塑料已成为主导和辛普森，一个 这一转变的领导者，拒绝了赫胥黎的企图， 在进化趋势中的伦理基础。 这种分歧影响了 赫胥黎和辛普森之间的互动，影响了他们 研究计划，并确定他们的相反反应， Teilhard de Chardin，法国古生物学家牧师， 进化论激发了许多科学家的想象力 在20世纪60年代。

Marc Swetlitz, dissertation student; topic: "Julian Huxley, George Gaylord Simpson and the Idea of Progress in 20th-Century Evolutionary Biology." Mr. Swetlitz is focussing his doctoral dissertation research on the development, context and nature of the disagreements between Julian Huxley and George Gaylord Simpson over the definition of, evidential support for, and the implications of the idea of evolutionary progress. Their divergent views on the idea of progress--directional evolutionary change for the better--can be understood best by exploring the disagreements between them regarding the issues of evolutionary patterns and ethics, topics which remain controversial in today's scientific community. This study begins in 1900 and explores the development of Huxley's idea of evolutionary progress which was shaped by his Oxford education and contemporary views of fossil patterns as primarily unidirectional and determinate. By the 1940's an alternative interpretation of fossil patterns as multi- directional and plastic had become predominant and Simpson, a leader in this transformation, rejected Huxley's attempt to ground ethics in evolutionary trends. This divergence influenced the interaction between Huxley and Simpson, affected their research programs, and determined their opposite reactions to Teilhard de Chardin, the French paleontologist-priest whose evolutionary theology captured the imagination of many scientists in the 1960's.