Evolution of the Naticid Gastropod Predator-Prey System: A Test of the Hypothesis of Escalation

本研究将通过检查 原生腹足类捕食系统的历史。 Vermeij认为，生物危害的严重性增加 反过来，适应这种危险的特点是， 中生代的。 这个假设是有争议的，需要 通过系统收集数据进行测试。 我们将分析 自然界中捕食者-被捕食者系统的发展 这种升级的假设。 海湾综合调查 沿海平原白垩纪和古近纪软体动物组合将 在知识产权的理论框架内进行 （1981）naticid捕食的能量最大化模型。 的 调查将确定钻井的时间趋势 发生的频率，以及是否有原生动物-猎物相互作用 与后来的情况不同。 行为刻板的时间模式（选择性 钻孔位置和猎物大小和物种）， 捕食者和猎物的有效性将被确定。 几种猎物谱系的捕食与进化分析 将探索捕食者-猎物进化的过程。 我们将 检查升级是否是一种宏观进化现象， 发生在血统中，（如果发生）什么过程是 涉案

This study will test the hypothesis of escalation by examing the history of the naticid gastropod predator-prey system. Vermeij has suggested that increased severity of biologic hazards and, in turn, aptations to such hazards characterizes the Phanerozoic. This hypothesis is controversial and requires testing by systematic collection of data. We will analyze the development of the naticid predator-prey system in the context of this hypothesis of escalation. A comprehensive survey of Gulf Coastal Plain Cretaceous and Paleogene molluscan assemblages will be conducted within the theoretical framework of the Kitchell et al. (1981) energy maximization model of naticid predation. The survey will determine whether temporal trends in drilling frequencies occurred and whether naticid-prey interactions differed early in the history of the group compared to later. Temporal patterns in behavioral stereotypy (selectivity of drillhole site and prey size and species) and in relative effectiveness of predator and prey will be determined. Analysis of predation on and evolution of several prey lineages will explore and process of predator-prey evolution. We will examine whether escalation is a macroevolutionary phenomenon or occurs within lineages and (if it occurs) what processes are involved.