Stomatopod Crustaceans: A Case Study in Visual Evolution and Design

一些无脊椎动物有复杂的眼睛， 除了已经发现的视觉处理之外， 脊椎动物的眼睛 一种叫做口足类的甲壳类动物， 螳螂虾，有大复眼，和社会和掠夺性 行为依赖于复杂的视觉处理形式， 运动和颜色。 眼睛包含三个面带 提供重叠的视场 掠夺性的罢工。 有些物种的眼睛有10个或更多的视觉 用于光谱灵敏度和偏振光检测的通道。 这些动物包括各种各样的物种占据热带 海洋栖息地;一些占据沿海地区， 日光是实用的，而其他人则更深或更暗 水，还是夜。 每个物种都有自己的模式 身体颜色，眼睛解剖学和视网膜生理学。 这项工作将检查视觉系统的背景下， 动物在环境中的行为， 这些视觉系统针对高性能进行了优化。 分光光度法，组织学，色谱法， 辐射测量学和行为学将用于表征视觉 色素，眼内过滤器，身体着色，透光 环境和动物的辨别能力 色调 研究结果应阐明口足类动物的视觉是如何 在不同的栖息地中的行为。 这一不同寻常 对明确界定的人权机制采取多方面办法 生物系统在其环境中应该有影响 视觉科学、感觉神经生物学、动物行为学和动物学， 机器视觉的工作者可能会很感兴趣。

Some invertebrates have complex eyes that provide novel insights beyond what has been discovered about visual processing in the vertebrate eye. One group of crustaceans called stomatopods, or mantis shrimp, have large compound eyes, and social and predatory behaviors that depend on sophisticated visual processing of form, motion, and color. The eye contains three bands of facets providing overlapping fields of view that may aid in directing the predatory strike. Some species' eyes have ten or more visual channels for spectral sensitivity and polarized light detection. These animals include a diversity of species occupying tropical marine habitats; some occupy coastal areas where color vision in daylight is practical, while others are in deeper or murkier water, or are nocturnal. Each species has its own pattern of body coloration, ocular anatomy and retinal physiology. This work will examine the visual system in the context of the behaving animals in their environment, to try to extract how these visual systems are optimized for high performance. Techniques of spectrophotometry, histology, chromatography, radiometry, and ethology will be used to characterize visual pigments, intraocular filters, body coloration, photic environments, and the ability of the animals to discriminate hues. Results should clarify how stomatopod vision is specialized for behavior in diverse habitats. This unusually multifaceted approach on the mechanisms of a well-defined biological system in its environment should have impact on visual science, sensory neurobiology, ethology, and zoology, and might be very interesting to workers on machine vision.