Polar Experiment Network for Geophysical Upper-atmosphere Investigations (PENGUIn)

该项目将提供基本的仪器和科学 自动地球物理观测站（AGO）的分析， 是一个新的主要研究设施， 美国南极研究计划（USARP） AGO是 就像卫星一样，它们提供能量，收集数据， 能力和舒适的环境， 设计用于远程自动操作的仪器 南极洲的遗址 AGO的发展一直是一个优先事项 在美国太空物理学界工作了15年多。 除了本摘要中描述的那些实验之外， 被安置在AGO系统中。 该项目是一个合作的努力， 马里兰州、新罕布什尔州大学、斯坦福大学、 奥格斯堡学院，纽约市技术学院，AT T贝尔 洛克希德空间和导弹公司和四个实验室 日本院校、东北大学、东海大学、京都 大学和（日本）国家极地研究所 Research. 在AGO中部署的工具是搜索 线圈和磁通门磁力计，双波长单色 增强型全天空极光成像仪 (CCD)技术，一个新开发的成像riometer和极其 低频和甚低频（ELF/VLF）无线电接收机。 仪器与部署在几个 载人南极站，包括麦克默多和南极， 以及北极地区的类似仪器。 也是 对许多轨道和计划轨道上的仪器起到补充作用 飞船 最终，USARP将部署六个AGO。 科学将解决一些悬而未决的问题， 高纬度极区电离层是 全球倡议，特别是STEP（太阳能地球能源 ISTP（International Solar Terrestrial Program） 这个概念是协调地面测量，飞机， 火箭和气球测量，理论和数据建模 将由13个新的航天器任务获得， 1995年之前，美国航天局、宇航科学研究所、欧空局和伊基航天研究所， 从目前在轨道上的几颗卫星上获取的数据， 如果他们仍然提供1990.95年期间的数据。 步骤 是一个涵盖美国倡议的国际保护伞， CEDAR、GEM、ISTP和Max '91。 STEP的主要目标是 促进耦合机制的定量理解 负责将能量和质量从一个 从太阳系到另一个地球系。 具体的AGO研究将包括电离层特征， 磁尖过程，提高对全球 对流型与磁层、大气电动力学 偶合器.

This project will provide the basic instrumentation and science analysis for the Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGOs) that are a new major research facility that has been developed by the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP). The AGOs are very like satellites, in that they provide power, data collecting capability and a comfortable environment for year long periods for instruments that are designed to operate autonomously at remote sites in Antarctica. The development of AGO has been a priority of the US space physics community for more than fifteen years. Experiments other than those described in this abstract will also be housed in the AGO system. This project is a collaborative effort of the University of Maryland, University of New Hampshire, Stanford University, Augsburg College, New York City Technical College, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Lockheed Space and Missile Corporation and four Japanese institutions, Tohoku University, Tokai University, Kyoto University and the (Japanese) National Institute of Polar Research. The instruments to be deployed in the AGOs are search coil and fluxgate magnetometers, a two wavelength monochromatic intensified all sky auroral imager using charged coupled device (CCD) technology, a newly developed imaging riometer and extremely low frequency and very low frequency (ELF/VLF) radio receivers. The instrumentation closely resembles that deployed at several manned antarctic stations, including McMurdo and South Pole, as well as similar instruments in the Arctic. It is also complementary to instruments on many orbiting and planned spacecraft. Eventually six AGOs will be deployed by USARP. The science will address a number of outstanding questions about the high latitude polar ionosphere that are a major focus of global initiatives, especially STEP (Solar Terrestrial Energy Program) and ISTP (International Solar Terrestrial Program). The concept is to coordinate ground based measurements, aircraft, rocket and balloon measurements, theory and modeling with the data to be acquired by 13 new spacecraft missions to be launched by NASA, ISAS, ESA and IKI before 1995 and to incorporate, as well, data taken from several satellites that are presently in orbit, should they still be providing data in the 1990.95 period. STEP is an international umbrella that covers the U.S. initiatives CEDAR, GEM, ISTP and Max '91. The main goal of STEP will be to advance the quantitative understanding of the coupling mechanisms that are responsible for the transfer of energy and mass from one region of the solar.terrestrial system to another. Specific AGO studies will include ionospheric signatures of magnetic cusp processes, improving understanding of the global convection pattern and magnetosphere.atmosphere electrodynamic coupling.