Development of American Metropolitan Industrial Complexes

目前正在重塑制造业地理格局的变化 在美国的活动受到了相当大的学术关注。 人们提出的重要问题包括： 技术改变了企业的区位要求？以及如何 管理形式的改变改变了企业之间的关系？ 这不是美国工业第一次经历 戏剧性的转变。 从1860年到1880年， 和管理实践从根本上改变了 美国制造业。 该项目将研究形成和 美国东北部大工业区的发展 从1860年到1880年。 基于4位数的制造数据 标准的工业代码将被用来分析不断变化的混合物， 16个大都市综合体。 这些数据分析将得到补充， 商业期刊文章的评论和案例研究 选定的公司和行业，将寻求确定和解释 企业家的决策，商品的市场领域， 企业之间的联系。 芝加哥工业综合体的案例研究， 辛辛那提，纽约，和匹兹堡-克利夫兰走廊将 对一般研究中发现的关系进行放大。 这项研究将补充许多国家已经完成的工作， 研究领域，增强我们对复杂动力学的知识， 研究美国主要工业中心的演变， 世纪后半叶。 更重要的是， 为都市工业模式的详细阐述提供基础 复杂的发展。 该模型将为评估 过去的其他工业转型，它将提供一个新的 从这个角度来评估当代制造业的增长。

The changes currently reshaping the geography of manufacturing activities in the U.S. have received considerable scholarly attention. Among the important questions being asked are: How have changing technologies altered the locational requirements of firms? and How have changing forms of management altered the relationships among firms? This is not the first time that American industry has undergone dramatic transformations, however. From 1860 to 1880, new technologies and management practices fundamentally altered the locational structure of American manufacturing. This project will examine the formation and development of industrial complexes in large northeastern U.S. metropolises from 1860 to 1880. Manufacturing data based on 4-digit standard industrial codes will be used to analyze the changing mixes of 16 metropolitan complexes. These data analyses will be complemented by reviews of articles in business periodicals and by case studies of selected firms and industries that will seek to identify and explain the decision making of entrepreneurs, the market areas of goods, and linkages among firms. Case studies of industrial complexes in Chicago, Cincinnati, New York, and the Pittsburgh-Cleveland corridor will amplify on the relationships detected in the general study. This research will complement work already completed in many of the study areas, enhancing our knowledge about the complex dynamics at work in the evolution of major American industrial centers in the latter part of the 19th Century. Even more importantly, it will provide the basis for elaboration of a model of metropolitan industrial complex development. This model will provide a basis for assessing other industrial transformations in the past, and it will provide a new perspective for evaluating contemporary manufacturing growth.