Systematics of Clibadium (Compositae, Heliantheae)

这项发展中国家科学奖将帮助智利康塞普西翁的Jorge Arriagada先生在俄亥俄州立大学Tod Stuessy教授的指导下进行论文工作。本研究的主要目的是：(1)对分布于墨西哥至秘鲁的新热带植物Clibadium属（约40种）进行分类修订；(2)确定这些物种之间的进化关系；(3)建立Desmanthodium、Ichthyothere和Stachycephalum的属界；(4)确定物种的生物地理特征，提出物种形成模式。本研究的另一个辅助目的是研究金菖蒲属罕见核果状花序结构的变异和进化，以帮助重建系统发育。如果时间允许，拉丁美洲印第安人的民族植物学活动将被记录下来，因为它们与使用Clibadium物种作为鱼类毒药有关。该属的民族植物学作用应该为了解该属的系统和生物地理学提供一个额外的维度。为了实现这些目标，需要沿着分布范围收集完整的植物资料和实地观察。形态学（包括解剖学）和细胞学数据将被收集，系统发育的重建将由分支学技术完成。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将产生该属的第一个现代修订版，包括键、描述和预测性分类，对研究新热带植物区的植物学家很有价值。它也将提供该属的首次系统发育重建。此外，对Clibadium内部进化关系的理解将有助于更好地理解与相关属Desmanthodium、Ichthyothere和Stachycephalum的亲缘关系。

This Science in Developing Countries award will help to support thesis dissertation work of Mr. Jorge Arriagada of Concepcion, Chile working under the supervision of Professor Tod Stuessy of Ohio State University. The main objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to produce a taxonomic revision of the species of Clibadium, a Neotropical genus of approximately 40 species distributed from Mexico to Peru; (2) to determine the evolutionary relationships among these species; (3) to establish generic limits relative to Desmanthodium, Ichthyothere and Stachycephalum; and (4) to determine biogeography and suggest modes of speciation of the species. An ancillary objective of this research is to study variations and evolution of capitulescence structure and development of unusual drupe-like fruits in Clibadium for help in reconstructing phylogeny. As time permits, the ethnobotanical activities of the Indians in Latin America will be documented as they relate to use of Clibadium species as fish-poisons. The ethnobotanical role of the genus should provide an extra dimension to understanding the systematics and biogeography of the genus. To achieve these goals, a complete collection of plant material and field observations along the distributional range is needed. Morphological (including anatomical) and cytological data will be gathered, and reconstruction of phylogeny will be done by cladistic techniques. The proposed research is significant for several reasons. It will produce the first modern revision of the genus, including keys, descriptions and a predictive classification, valuable to botanists working on Neotropical floras. It will also provide the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. In addition, understanding of evolutionary relationships within Clibadium should lead to an improved understanding of affinities with the related genera Desmanthodium, Ichthyothere, and Stachycephalum.