Defenses Against Solar Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Photooxidative Stress in Sea Urchins: Dietary Accumulation and Functions of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids

对太阳紫外线辐射防御的规定- 将研究海胆中诱导的光氧化应激。像 其他海洋生物，海胆含有类菌孢素氨基 酸（MAA），吸收环境相关波长的 UV（310 - 360 nm）。MAAs可能是藻类、细菌或真菌 产品，动物不知道合成它们，所以他们的 海胆的来源不确定。各种海藻丰富 初步色谱分析表明， 海藻和海水中MAA互补序列的一致性 海胆组织尤其是卵巢海胆的保养 缺乏或富含MAA的海藻的受控饮食，随后 分析肠道内容物和组织，测试肠道 吸收MAA的组织应确认是否通过这种方式获得MAA。 海胆卵巢的膳食强化应赋予更大的 卵和幼虫对紫外线的抵抗力，以及紫外线对 受精、发育和幼虫存活将在 MAA丰富和缺乏的标本。还计划辨别 特定的膜组分。可能清除自由基 gadusol的功能（结构上类似于MAA）存在于鸡蛋中 将在平行实验中进行评估，因为一些紫外线效应 由氧自由基介导。研究结果将对 海洋食品中光氧化防御机制的积累 链，作为保护臭氧层的真正关注 恶化。

The regulation of defenses against solar ultraviolet radiation- induced photooxidative stress in sea urchins will be studied. Like other marine organisms, sea urchins contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which absorb environmentally relevant wavelengths of UV (310-360 nm). MAAs are presumably algal, bacterial or fungal products, animals not being known to synthesize them, so their provenance in sea urchins is uncertain. Various seaweeds are rich in MAAs, and preliminary chromatographic analyses indicate concordance between the MAA complements in seaweeds and in sea urchin tissues, especially ovaries. Maintenance of sea urchins on controlled diets of seaweeds lacking or rich in MAAs, subsequent analysis of gut contents and tissues, testing the ability of gut tissues to absorb MAAs should confirm whether MAAs are so obtained. Dietary fortification of sea urchin ovaries should confer a greater resistance to UV in eggs and larvae, and UV effects on fertilization, development, and larval survival will be assessed in MAA-rich and deficient specimens. It is also planned to discern the particular membrane fractions. Possible radical scavenging functions of gadusol (structurally similar to MAAs) present in eggs will be assessed in parallel experiments, since some UV effects are mediated by oxyradicals. The results will have implications for the mechanism of accumulation of photooxidative defenses in marine food chains, a genuine concern as the protective ozone layer deteriorates.