Archaeological Excavation at Hayonim Cave

在美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation）的支持下，奥弗·巴尔·约瑟夫博士（Ofer Bar- Yosef）和一个大型跨国合作小组将在位于以色列的哈约尼姆洞穴遗址进行考古研究。Hayonim蕴藏着丰富的岩屑和动物遗骸，以及人类骨骼材料的碎片，时间跨度约为16万至12万年前。挖掘和分析将在两年的时间内进行，并实现一系列相关目标。将收集材料进行热释光和电子自旋共振测年。如果成功，这将提供绝对年龄估计。将获得大约100平方米的水平暴露，以便记录和检查壁炉以及人工制品和骨骼的空间分布。我们将分析每一个类。研究人员将重建用于工具制造的岩屑操作序列，并进行微磨损分析以确定工具功能。将进行调查以确定原材料来源。来自许多来源的数据表明，解剖学和行为学上的现代人大约在20万年前首次出现在非洲，并依次传播到世界其他地区。近东，作为非洲的门户，可以提供有关这一扩张的重要数据。迄今为止的工作表明，在很长一段时间内，现代人和早期的“尼安德特人”形式要么共存，要么交替存在于该地区。然而，第一批现代人到达的时间是未知的，巴尔·约瑟夫博士的研究直接检验了这个可疑的时期。Hayonim洞穴是值得共同研究的，因为它的沉积物不仅覆盖了这个时间范围，而且还包含保存完好的动物和岩石遗迹。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供大量人类学家感兴趣的数据。它将揭示现代人类的出现，并增加我们对一段鲜为人知的时期的认识。

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ofer Bar- Yosef and a large multinational group of collaborators will conduct archaeological research at the site of Hayonim Cave located in Israel. Hayonim contains deposits rich in lithics and faunal remains - as well as fragmentary human skeletal material - which span the time range of ca 160,000 - 120,000 years ago. Excavation and analysis will proceed over a two year period with a series of related goals. Materials will be collected for thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance dating of the deposits. If successful this will provide absolute age estimates. About 100 square meters of horizontal exposure will be obtained to permit recording and examination of hearths and spatial distributions of artifacts and bones. Each of these classes will be analyzed. Reseachers will reconstruct the lithic operational sequences employed for tool manufacture and microwear analysis will be conducted to determine tool function. Survey will be carried out to locate raw material sources. Data from a number of sources suggest that anatomically and behavioral modern humans first appeared in Africa perhaps 200,000 years ago and spread sequentially to other parts of the world. The Near East, as the gateway from Africa may provide essential data on this expansion. Work to date indicates that for a long span of time both modern humans and earlier "Neanderthal" forms either coexisted or alternated presence in the area. Just when the first modern humans arrived however is unknown and Dr. Bar Yosef's research directly examines the suspected period. Hayonim cave is worthy of concerted research because its deposits not only cover this time range but also contain well preserved faunal and lithic remains. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to a large number of anthropologists. It will shed light on the emergence of modern humans and increase our knowledge of a little understood period of time.