Public Values and the Transition to the Market Among Post- Soviet Republics

尽管后共产主义国家在处理这些问题的方法上各不相同， 经济改革，许多人都有一个共同的抱怨：反对 社会中相当大的群体对市场经济的基本价值观的认识。 特别是在独立国家联合体和 波罗的海国家、支持和反对市场的领导人都注意到了他们所看到的 公众对私有财产、市场 价格和巨大的不平等。 文化传统和 社会主义价值观似乎加强了公众对 强大但仁慈的福利国家，从早期沙皇时代到 后苏联时代。 公众的负面反应肯定会破坏向 自由市场经济。 不仅有直接的威胁 阻力;改革可能只是被一个充满怨恨的 公民 其他地方的私有化实验 揭示，缺乏公众支持会滋生长期的不满， 简单的脱离 由于后共产主义国家 领导人表明，担心公众的不良反应影响 改革的内容和顺序。 问题是 在经济结构调整伴随着 政治自由化。 社会被"授权"， 当它的许多最珍视的价值观，以及它习惯的经济 安全受到政治领导人的攻击。 这种情况导致审查在多大程度上有 对自由市场经济要素的抵制，例如 私营企业、放松管制和结果不平等。 的 目前的项目旨在衡量的程度和性质， 公众对市场经济的抵制，并解释其来源。 它还旨在解决其他几个问题， 实质性的（如文化价值之间的关系， 支持经济改革和民主态度）; 方法（如调查的一致性和可靠性） 前苏联共和国的数据）。 该研究探讨了公共 前四个共和国对经济改革的态度 苏联 根据在俄罗斯、亚美尼亚、立陶宛和 爱沙尼亚调查员审查支持和反对， 市场经济的不同要素，以及 塑造公众观点。 这项研究应该有助于为辩论提供信息 无论是在西方还是在前共和国， 后苏联市场经济

Although post-communist countries vary in their approaches to economic reform, many share a common complaint: the opposition of sizeable groups in society to the basic values of a market economy. Particularly in the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltics, pro-and anti-market leaders alike have noted what they see as deep-seated public resistance to private property, market prices, and substantial inequality. Cultural traditions and socialist values appear to have reinforced a public taste for a strong but benevolent welfare state, from early Tsarist times to the post-Soviet era. An adverse public reaction could surely undermine the transition to a free market economy. Not only is there a threat of outright resistance; reforms may simply be subverted by a resentful citizenry. As some experiments with privatization elsewhere reveal, lack of public backing can breed chronic dissatisfaction or simple disengagement. And as the reluctance of post-Communist leaders demonstrates, fear of adverse public reaction influences both the content and the sequencing of reforms. The problem is all the more challenging where economic restructuring is accompanied by political liberalization. Society is "empowered" just at the time when many of its most cherished values, and its accustomed economic security, are under attack by political leaders. This situation leads to examining the extent to which there is in fact resistance to the elements of a free market economy, such as private enterprise, deregulation, and inequality of outcomes. The current project is designed to gauge the extent and nature of public resistance to a market economy, and to explain its sources. It is also designed to address several other issues, some substantive (such as the relationship between cultural values, support for economic reform, and democratic attitudes); and some methodological (such as the consistency and reliability of survey data from former Soviet republics). The research explores public attitudes toward economic reform in four republics of the former Soviet Union. Based on a survey in Russia, Armenia, Lithuania and Estonia the investigator examines support for, and opposition to, different elements of a market economy, and the core values that shape public views. The research should help to inform the debate both in the West and in the former republics over the prospects for a post-Soviet market economy.