Policymaking for Global Change Research: A Pilot Project

美国全球变化研究计划(USGCRP)是乔治·布什总统执政期间科学领域的第一个“总统倡议”。早在时期就开始了。作为第一个这样的倡议，它在制度上开创了先河。1993年，全球变化方案涉及11个不同的机构和大约13亿美元，用于支持研究和相关活动。美国国家科学基金会(NSF)在USGCRP中发挥了领导作用。这一试点项目将开发理论和方法工具，以审查该方案的发展。试点将允许首席调查员进行侦察，以确定谁是联邦机构彼此互动的关键参与者，并可能与其他国家的相关各方在开发这一新项目的过程中进行互动。它将使他能够确定该计划下赞助的主要项目，以及选择一些项目进行进一步研究的标准。试点将使用演员网络理论来考虑NSF如何与其他人合作来构建和维护该项目背后的不同支持联盟。这些发现将通过将行动者网络理论与科学政策中的一个重要问题联系起来，并考虑是否以及如何协调“好的科学”和“政策相关性”的责任，来促进关于联邦在科学的社会建设中的作用的认识。

The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) was the first "presidential initiative" in science under the administration of President George Bush. It began early in 1989. As the first such initiative it has pioneered institutionally. In 1993, the the Global Change Program involves eleven different agencies and about $1.3 billion in support of research and related activities. The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) has played a leadership role in the USGCRP. This pilot project will develop the theoretical and methodological tools to examine the development of this program. The pilot will allow the principal investigator to conduct a reconnaissance to determine who were the key actors in the interaction of federal agencies with each other and, possibly, with relevant parties in other countries, in the development of this new program. It will allow him to identify major projects sponsored under the program and criteria by which to select some for further study. The pilot will use actor-network theory to consider how NSF has worked with others to construct and maintain a coalition of diverse support behind this program. Findings will advance knowledge concerning the federal role in the social construction of science by linking actor-network theory with an important issue in science policy and by considering whether and how accountability for "good science" and for "policy relevance" can be reconciled.