COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Calibration of Late Cenozoic Incision, Uplift, and Erosion Along the Indus River, Northern Pakistan

对青藏高原高山地形演变的认识 许多山脉是一个尚未解决的问题。 一 像喜马拉雅山西北部这样的地区 一个特别有趣的地方， 地形，因为它的特点是快速第四纪 剥蚀，差异隆起，河流显示出一些 世界上最高的坡度和最大的沉积物负荷， 广泛的气候制度，活跃的构造运动， 极端地形起伏 在不知道 剥蚀率、基岩隆起率和地表隆起率， 地形发展的重建或模型， 被迫依赖于未经检验的假设， 每一个的绝对重要性和相对重要性 因素 在喜马拉雅山西北部和喀喇昆仑， 然而，将联合收割机数字高程数据 有时间和地貌数据的成套资料， 切割、侵蚀和隆起的程度， 提供了一个校准的角度对地形演变的 这个充满活力的地区。 本研究的目的是确定 切割的时间和速率以及基岩冷却 喜马拉雅造山带的一部分;使体积 区域剥蚀的近似值，重建基础， 水平变化沿着这一部分的印度河;和 重建了构造运动产生的 局部隆起、区域隆起（构造或均衡）， 侵蚀和剥蚀。 这些方法将是 包括：斯特拉特表面的确定年龄， 宇宙成因核素;冷却年龄史的发展 利用垂直起伏剖面的多矿物测年; 河流剖面重建 几何约束;和分析的斜坡，海拔 基于数字的分布、梯度和体积 海拔数据集为西北喜马拉雅山。

Understanding of the evolution of alpine topography in many mountain chains represents an unresolved problem. A region like the northwestern Himalaya provides a particularly intriguing site for the study of evolving topography, because it is characterized by rapid Quaternary denudation, differential uplift, rivers showing some of the highest gradients and largest sediments loads in the world, a breadth of climatic regimes, active tectonicsm, and extreme topographic relief. In the absence of knowledge of rates of denudation, bedrock uplift, and surface uplift, reconstructions or models of topographic development are forced to rely on untested assumptions concerning the absolute magnitude and relative importance of each of these factors. In the northwestern Himalaya and Karakoram, it appears possible however, to combine digital elevation data sets with chronologic and geomorphic data on timing and magnitude of incision, erosion, and uplift in order to provide a calibrated perspective on topographic evolution of this dynamic region. The goals of this study are to define the timing and rates of incision and bedrock cooling in this part of the Himalayan orogen; to make volumetric approximations of regional denudation, reconstruct base- level changes along this part of the Indus River; and to reconstruct the interactions among tectonically generated localized uplift, regional uplift (tectonic or isostatic), and erosion and denudation. The approaches that will be used include: exposure-age dating of strath surfaces using cosmogenic nuclides; development of cooling ages histories using multi-mineral dating of vertical relief sections; reconstruction of river profiles based on temporal and geometric constraints; and analysis of slopes, altitudinal distributions, gradients, and volumes based on digital elevation data set for the NW Himalaya.