Anti-Predator Vigilance: The Basics Reconsidered

几乎所有的动物都是捕食者（在某种意义上）， 成为其他动物的潜在猎物 了解行为 这个简单的真理的含义一直是一个主要的焦点， 在过去的10到15年里， 年 这项研究使我们对 动物决策的性质，并提高了能力， 生物学家预测动物在自然条件下的行为。 对反掠夺行为的研究也产生了许多见解 行为的进化和大规模的 生态系统 利马博士的研究遵循这一传统， 特别是在反掠夺行为的一个突出领域： 通过群居动物来发现捕食者。 大量 在这一领域的研究表明，动物以某种方式协调 他们的反掠夺警惕（即警惕行为），并在 本质上，检测掠夺性攻击作为一个社会一体化的单位。 这项工作具有许多生态和进化方面的意义， 特别是对于合作行为的进化， 动物 然而，利马博士最近由国家科学基金会资助的研究表明， 黑眼睛的容科斯不会协调他们的警惕， 它们作为一个整体来探测攻击。 这些发现 提出了几个有趣的问题，利马博士现在将 追求。 他将看看他的反常发现是否能解释 几种鸟类。 利马博士还将研究 成员们发现捕食者已经被其他人发现， 个人;以前的工作表明，有很少 在群体中直接传递信息。 本研究 将表明是否需要进行重大的重新评估， 这是一个重要的和长期的领域，在研究反 掠夺行为

Virtually all animals are both predators (in some sense) and potential prey for other animals. Understanding the behavioral implications of this simple truism has been a major focus of ecologically-based behavioral research over the past 10 to 15 years. This research has led to considerable insight into the nature of animal decision-making, and has enhanced the ability of biologists to predict animal behavior under natural conditions. Research on anti-predatory behavior has also yielded much insight into both the evolution of behavior and the nature of large-scale ecological systems. Dr. Lima's research follows in this tradition and focuses specifically on a prominent area in anti-predatory behavior: the detection of predators by socially-feeding animals. A great deal of work in this area indicates that animals somehow coordinate their anti-predatory vigilance (that is, alert behavior), and, in essence, detect predatory attack as a socially-integrated unit. This work has many ecological and evolutionary implications, particularly for the evolution of cooperative behavior in animals. However, Dr. Lima's recent NSF-funded research reveals that dark-eyed juncos do not coordinate their vigilance, nor do they detect attack as an integrated unit. These discoveries raise several interesting questions, which Dr. Lima will now pursue. He will see if his anomalous findings hold across several bird species. Dr. Lima also will investigate how flock members find out that a predator has been detected by other individuals; previous work indicates that there is very little direct transfer of information within the flock. This research will indicate whether or not a major reassessment is needed in this important and long-standing area in the study of anti- predatory behavior.