Role of the Axial Musculoskeletal System in Locomotion and Ventilation

9306466携带者剧烈的活动需要增加新陈代谢的速度，所以动物要想保持剧烈的运动，就必须在奔跑时呼吸。蜥蜴不能同时完成这两种功能，因为呼吸所需的肌肉也参与了运动，不能同时完成这两种功能。化石记录中的证据表明，鸟类和哺乳动物的早期祖先可能也受到了这种限制。这一方案的研究旨在通过研究轴向肌肉骨骼系统在运动中的作用来增加我们对运动和呼吸系统之间的机械联系的理解。有三个主要目标。绿色鬣蜥和家犬的上轴肌和下轴肌的运动活动将被肌电图示为特征。这一信息对于任何四足动物来说都是未知的。然后，将狗、蜥蜴和对立面在运动过程中的内外骨骼间肌肉的活动与它们在肺部换气时的活动进行比较。他们四肢在地面上施加的力的记录将与肌肉活动相关联，以检验肌肉功能的假说。这些研究将有助于更好地了解这些肌肉的功能，通过观察三种不同的动物，将有助于理解轴向肌肉-骨骼系统的进化。***

9306466 Carrier Vigorous activity requires increased rates of metabolism, so for an animal to sustain vigorous locomotion, it must breathe as it runs. Lizards are unable to do both simultaneously, because the muscles required for ventilation are also involved in locomotion, and can not accomplish both functions at the same time. Evidence from the fossil record suggests that the early ancestors of birds and mammals were probably also restricted in this way. The research of this proposal aims to increase our understanding of the mechanical linkage between the locomorotr and ventilatory systems by investigating the role of the axial musculo-skeletal system in locomotion. There are three main goals. The locomotor activity of the epaxial and hypaxial muscles in green iguanas and domestic dogs will be characterized by electromyography. This information is not known for any tetrapod. Then the activity of the external and internal intercosatal muscles of dogs, lizards and opposums during locomotion will be compared to their activity during ventilation of the lungs. Recordings of the forces exerted by their limbs on the ground will be correlated with muscle acitivty to test hypotheses of muscle function. These stduies will result in a better understanding of the function of these muscles, and by looking at three different animals will aid in understanding the evolution of the axial musculo-skeletal system. ***