Role of Biomass, Bioturbation, and Remineralization in Determining the Fate of Carbon in the Arctic Ocean

94000092本基金支持的安布罗斯研究项目由北极系统科学（ARCSS）全球变化研究项目主持，由海洋科学部和极地项目办公室联合主办。研究将围绕一个独特的和密集的，多学科的研究考察北冰洋的部分，从未被广泛研究过。1994年美国/加拿大北冰洋科是与加拿大的一项合作努力，1994年夏季将有大约60名科学家乘坐加拿大和美国的破冰船。nsf资助的项目将集中于水文、生物学、古和海冰研究。从北冰洋几个地区收集的数据将是有史以来的首批数据之一，这些数据将与提高我们对北极如何成为全球气候条件变化的一个指标，以及它如何影响温带海洋和地区的物理、化学和生物特征的理解高度相关。这项工作是合作生物学项目的一个组成部分。将开展工作来检查到达海底的有机物的命运，并模拟各种碳库之间的循环。固定在北冰洋的碳的命运在很大程度上是未知的，但据推测，与其他海洋相比，到达海底的碳的比例更大。浮游动物的低丰度和缓慢的摄食速率，以及微生物循环的重要性降低，可能解释了为什么高纬度地区的大部分初级生产力落在底栖生物上。研究将集中于通过检查底栖生物生物量的模式和再矿化、灌溉和颗粒混合的速率来研究到达底栖生物的一些可能的碳命运。复制盒芯将沿着剖面收集。从这些岩心中可以确定大型和小型动物的丰度和生物量以及Eh和颗粒碳的深度剖面。亚岩芯将在船上孵育，以确定再矿化和生物灌溉的速率。颗粒混合率将直接由岩心下210Pb分布确定，并将与从碳深度剖面和生物灌溉率获得的混合估计进行比较。这项研究为底栖生物在调节地球化学过程中的作用提供了见解，并将提供北极沉积物碳循环的模型，该模型可用于预测全球变暖的后果。＊＊＊

9400092 Ambrose Research supported by this grant is under the auspices of the Arctic Systems Science (ARCSS) Global Change Research Program and is jointly sponsored by the Division of Ocean Sciences and the Office of Polar Programs. The research will be centered around a unique and intensive, multidisciplinary research expedition to parts of the Arctic Ocean that have never been extensively studied. The 1994 U.S./Canada Arctic Ocean Section is a collaborative effort with Canada that will involve approximately 60 scientists on a Canadian and a U.S. icebreaker during summer 1994. NSF-funded projects will focus on hydrography, biology, paleo-, and sea-ice studies. Data collected will be amongst the first ever from several regions of the Arctic Ocean and will be highly relevant to improving our understanding of how the Arctic is an indicator of changing global climate conditions and how it affects the physical, chemical, and biological features of the more temperate oceans and regions. This work is a component of the collaborative biology program. Work will be undertaken to examine the fate of organic matter reaching the seafloor and model cycling between the various carbon pools. The fate of carbon fixed in the Arctic Ocean is largely unknown, but it is surmised that a greater portion reaches the bottom than in other oceans. Low abundance and slow feeding rates of zooplankton, and reduced importance of the microbial loop, may explain why the majority of primary productivity falls to the benthos at high latitudes. Research will focus on some of the possible fates of carbon reaching the benthos by examining patterns of benthic biomass and rates of remineralization, irrigation, and particle mixing. Replicate box cores will be collected along the Section. Abundance and biomass of macro and meio-fauna and depth profiles of Eh and particulate carbon will be determined from these cores. Subcores will be incubated on-board to determine rates of remineralization and bioirrigation. Particle mixing rates will be determined directly from down-core 210Pb distribution and will be compared with mixing estimates obtained from carbon depth-profiles and bioirrigation rates. This study provide insights to the role of benthos in mediating geochemical processes and will provide a model of carbon cycling in Arctic sediments which can be used to make predictions of the consequences of global warming. ***