Amphibolite Exchange and Social Complexity in Copper Age Portugal: Phase I - Source Characterizations and Analyses of Archaeological Assemblage

小行星9406658 在国家科学基金会的支持下，Katina Lillios博士将启动一项长期研究的第一阶段，该研究将探讨葡萄牙铜器时代（公元前3000-2000年）社会复杂性的兴起。考古证据表明，正是在这一时期，西欧首次出现了分层的复杂社会。Lillios博士认为，在这一过程中，对稀缺和有价值资源的不同获取和控制发挥了核心作用，而角闪岩，一种用于制造研磨石器的岩石，就构成了这样一种商品。Lillios博士在葡萄牙发现了角闪岩的露头，并进行了初步的岩相学和化学分析，这些分析表明，可以根据结构和成分确定来源。在这个项目中，她将继续这项工作。将进行更多的来源和分析，以制定能够更准确地描述地理特征的方法。Lillios博士还将研究来自一系列铜器时代遗址的地面石器，以确定是否有可能将成品材料分配给各个来源地区。在此基础上，在未来的研究项目中，她应该能够重建贸易路线，并将其与不同定居点之间的社会和经济差异联系起来。 考古学家希望了解复杂的社会最初是如何产生的，以及它们是如何维持的。来自世界许多地方的证据表明，贸易和对稀缺和宝贵资源的控制发挥了核心作用。研究人员目前正试图建立一个数据库，以便对个别病例进行比较。Lillios博士的工作在这方面很重要。它还将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并将协助一位有前途的年轻科学家的职业发展。

9406658 Lillios With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Katina Lillios will initiate the first stage of a proposed long term study which examines the rise of social complexity during the Copper Age (3000-2000 BC) in Portugal. Archaeological evidence indicates that it was during this period that stratified complex societies first emerged in Western Europe. Dr. Lillios believes that differential access and control over scarce and valued resources played a central role in this process and that amphibolite, a rock which was used to make ground stone tools, constitutes such a good. Dr. Lillios has identified outcrops of amphibolite in Portugal and conducted preliminary petrographic and chemical analyses which indicate that sources can be identified on the basis of structure and composition. In this current project she will expand on this work. Additional sourcing and analysis will be conducted with the goal of developing methods which allow more precise geographic characterization. Dr. Lillios will also study ground stone objects from a series of Copper Age sites to determine whether or not assignment of finished materials to individual source areas is in fact possible. On this basis, in future research projects, she should be able to reconstruct trade routes and relate these to social and economic variation among different settlements. Archaeologists wish to understand how complex societies originally arose and how they were maintained. Evidence from many parts of the world suggests that trade and control over scarce and valued resources played a central role. Researchers are now attempting to build a data base which would allow the comparison of individual cases. Dr. Lillios' work is important in this context. It will also provide data of interest to many archaeologists and will assist in the career development of a promising young scientist.