Air-Sea Gas Transfer in Coastal Waters

9409222 HARA研究将响应关于沿海海洋过程(COOP)沿海大气-海洋化学通量试点研究的一次性计划公告(NSF93-101)。NSF/COOP的研究将加强并与ONR赞助的计划于1995年在加利福尼亚州蒙特利海岸外进行的海洋边界层(MBL)高级研究倡议(ARI)项目合作。整个科学项目是跨学科的，NSF/COOP的工作涉及化学和生物参数，而ONR的研究重点是物理、海洋和气象参数。这是伍兹霍尔海洋研究所和斯克里普斯海洋研究所的研究人员合作的项目。这一研究将加深我们对不同环境条件下海气界面气-海传递的认识。将开发一种新的现场仪器，在几分钟到几小时的时间尺度上测量气体转移速度(K)，这比传统的示踪技术(天或更长)要短得多。该仪器将被集成到一艘名为Ladas的小型双体船上，该双体船被拖到一艘科考船后面。激光测斜仪携带扫描激光测斜仪，用于测量三维毛细重力波谱、气象仪器和长波监测能力。此外，表面微层采样器将安装在双体船上，以实现对气体传输速度、小尺度粗糙度、风应力和表面化学参数的一致测量。将在几个实地试验中部署LADA，以确定现实海洋条件下的海-气传输率，特别是将沿海环境中不同空间和时间尺度上的观测结果联系起来。这样的分析不仅可以避免长时间平均引起的偏差，从而提供更准确的气体传输速度参数，而且还可以提供对气体流量瞬变性质的洞察。由于表面粗糙度是海面参数之一，不能通过飞机和卫星进行遥感，因此表面粗糙度与气体通量的相关性将有助于未来全球海气交换的遥感。

9409222 Hara Research will be undertaken in response to a one-time Program Announcement (NSF 93-101) for the Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Coastal Air-Sea Chemical Fluxes pilot study. The NSF/CoOP Study will augment and collaborate with the ONR-sponsored Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) Advanced Research Initiative (ARI) project scheduled for 1995 off the coast of Monterey, California. The overall scientific project is interdisciplinary, with the NSF/CoOP efforts addressing chemical and biological parameters, while the ONR study focuses on physical oceanographic and meteorological parameters. This is a collaborative project between investigators from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The research will improve our understanding of air-sea gas transfer under different environmental conditions at the air-sea interface. A new in situ instrument will be developed to measure the gas transfer velocity (k) on time scales of minutes to hours that are much shorter than conventional tracer techniques (days or longer). The instrument will be integrated into a small research catamaran called LADAS which is towed behind a research vessel. LADAS carries a scanning laser slope gauge, to measure the three-dimensional capillary-gravity wave spectrum, meteorological instruments, and a long-wave monitoring capability. Additionally a surface microlayer sampler will be installed on the catamaran to enable coincident measurements of the gas transfer velocity, small scale roughness, wind stress, and surface chemical parameters. LADAS will be deployed in several field experiments to determine air-sea gas transfer rates under realistic ocean conditions and especially to relate these observations over different spatial and temporal scales in coastal environments. Such analyses will not only provide a more accurate parameterization of gas transfer velocity by avoiding biases caused by long time averaging, but will also provid e insights as to the transient nature of gas flux. The correlation of surface roughness and gas flux will benefit future global remote sensing of air-sea gas exchange since surface roughness is one of sea surface parameters than can be remotely measured from aircraft and satellites.