Grammatical Agreement in Speech Production: The Cognitive Context

[9411672]语言研究的核心问题是语言与非语言认知的关系。因此，该项目的目的是确定各种概念和语言信息，这些信息被要求创建语法一致性，并解释它们在正在进行的讲话中的相互作用。探讨两种一般协议关系。首先是主语和动词之间的数字一致，延长了在前一个资助期间进行的工作。二是主语与代词，特别是反身代词和标记代词的一致性。以往的研究主要集中在三个关于英语主谓数一致性产生的问题上：(1)动词一致性控制者的性质，无论是语言的还是语用的；(2)一致使用的数字信息的性质，无论是语法上的还是概念上的；(3)协议执行的主要场所，无论是在语法关系上还是在表面字符串上创建的。对这些问题的经验推导的答案表明，动词的协议控制可以是语言的而不是语用的，在协议执行过程中使用的数量是语法的，并且执行是从语法层面驱动的，信息的概念特征或变形语素的语音特征几乎没有影响。新的研究从三个方面扩展了这些结果。这三者都与共识的认知语境有关。目的是更好地阐明从概念特征到语言特征的过渡，包括实现协议的具体细节的机制。实验检验(a)主谓一致中所要求的数性特征是否与代词一致中所要求的数性特征相同；（二）导致协议错误的功能是否与控制规范协议的功能相同；（三）说话者如何创造一致屈折词形。除了这三个主题外，作者还提出了跨语言扩展的研究，超越了英语的最小协议系统。所有的调查都同时采用了诱导话语的受控实验方法和对日常言语中一致模式的观察。通过这些方式，这项研究系统地增强了我们对人类交流的一个基本方面的理解，即语言的产生。强调正常生产和句法在其中的作用，使正在进行的研究项目在心理语言学中独树一帜。

9411672 The central issues in the study of language involve the relationship between language and nonlinguistic cognition. Accordingly, the aim of the project is to determine the kinds of conceptual and linguistic information that are called on to create grammatical agreement, and to explain their interplay in ongoing speech. Two general agreement relations will be explored. The first is number agreement between subjects and verbs, extending work carried out during the previous grant period. The second is agreement between subjects and pronouns, specifically reflexive pronouns and tag pronouns. Previous research focused on three questions about the production of subject-verb number agreement in English: (1) the nature of the verb's agreement controllers, whether linguistic or pragmatic; (2) the nature of the number information that is used in agreement, whether grammatical or conceptual; and (3) the principal locus of agreement implementation, whether created over grammatical relations or across surface strings. The empirically derived answers to these questions indicate that the verb's agreement controllers can be linguistic rather than pragmatic, that the number used during agreement implementation is grammatical, and that the implementation is driven from a grammatical level, with little influence either from conceptual features of the message or from the phonological features of inflectional morphemes. The new research extends these results in three directions. All three have to do with the cognitive context of agreement. The goal is to better illuminate the transition from conceptual to linguistic features, including the mechanisms that implement the concrete details of agreement. The experiments examine (a) whether the number and gender features that are called on in subject-verb agreement are the same as the number and gender features called on in pronominal agreement; (b) whether the features that are responsible for agreement errors are the s ame features that control canonical agreement; and (c) how speakers create agreement-inflected word forms. In addition to these three main themes, studies are proposed to extend the work crosslinguistically, going beyond the minimal agreement system of English. All of the investigations draw simultaneously from controlled experimental methods for eliciting utterances and from observations of agreement patterns in everyday speech. In these ways, the research systematically enhances our understanding of a cardinal facet of human communication, the production of language. The emphasis on normal production and the role of syntax in it makes the ongoing research program unique in psycholinguistics.