Plume Kimberlites, Entrained Xenoliths and Carbonado

9505770 Haggerty的主要目标是通过研究金伯利岩和夹带的硬硅质岩的地球化学和矿物学，测试核/地幔边界-羽状物的来源。将应用理论、实验和地球化学模板来识别2900公里管道沿线取样的各种成分。管道的一段在410到660公里之间(过渡带，TZ)，特别令人感兴趣，因为边界以密集的矿物相变、深源地震、能够保水的高压矿物以及可能蕴藏俯冲的洋底玄武岩板块的层为标志。第二个目标是对化学不均匀的程度进行限制，并描述TZ的地质情况。这将通过对超深部包体、榴辉岩(高压玄武岩)和经流体熔融作用改造的包体(交代岩)的矿物和地球化学研究来完成。第三个目标是研究一种不寻常的钻石，称为碳粉，这种钻石是烧结型的，但也是多孔的。解决碳酸盐岩的成因将具有地质意义和技术应用。这些研究将在来自南非、博茨瓦纳和塞拉利昂的岩石以及来自巴西的碳酸盐岩上进行。标准技术和最先进的仪器将被应用于马萨诸塞大学实验室的这项研究，并与其他机构合作。

9505770 Haggerty The primary objective is to test the Core/Mantle Boundary-plume origin by studying the geochemistry and mineralogy of kimberlites and entrained xeonoliths. Theoretical, experimental, and geochemical templates will be applied to identify the various components that have been sampled along the 2900 km conduit. One section of the conduit, between 410 and 660 km (the transition zone, TZ), is of particular interest because the boundaries are marked by dense mineral phase transitions, deep focus earthquakes, high pressure minerals capable of water retention, and a layer that may harbor the accumulation of subducted ocean floor basaltic slabs. A second objective is to place limits on the extent of chemical heterogeneity, and to describe the geology of the TZ. This will be done through a mineral and geochemical study of ultradeep xenoliths, eclogites (high pressure basalt), and xenoliths modified by fluidal melt processes (metasomites). A third objective is to study an unusual form of diamond known as carbonado, which is sintered but also porous. Resolving the origin of carbonado will have geological implications and technological applications. These studies will be undertaken on rocks from South Africa, Botswana, and Sierra Leone, and on carbonado from Brazil. Standard techniques with state-of-the-art instruments, will be applied to the study in laboratories at the University of Massachusetts, and in collaboration with other institutes.