ARI: The Hawaii-2 Observatory: A Deep Ocean Geoscience Facility Re-using the Hawaii-2 Telephone Cable

该ARI奖提供资金，将AT&Amp；T Hawaii-2海底同轴电话电缆改造成一个长期的地球物理观测站。夏威夷2号天文台(H2O)将通过切断夏威夷和加利福尼亚州之间大约一半的电缆，并插入一个带有8个水下匹配连接器的接线盒来创建。电力将从瓦胡岛上的AT&Amp；T Makaha电缆站向接线盒和任何连接到接线盒上的仪器供电。从电缆站到大学的固定电话。位于马诺阿的夏威夷天文台将使科学家能够实时监测来自海底天文台的数据，并修改接线盒和仪器中包含的软件。PI建议在H2O部署的第一台仪器是地震仪，因为拟议的接线盒地点优化了IRIS全球地震台网(GSN)战略区域的覆盖范围，这是一个国际地震台网。来自GSN观测站的观测受到观测站位置的限制，这些观测站都位于大陆或岛屿上。地震台站的这种偏向分布给地球研究带来了空间混叠和很大的不确定性，特别是对地球结构的层析研究以及对震源位置、震源机制和破裂过程的研究。海底观测站是完善这个网络所必需的。海洋学家发起了一项国际努力，以建立一个海洋地震网络，作为GSN的一个子集。他们已经确定了20个高度优先考虑地震覆盖的海底区域；H2O将覆盖其中一个区域。除了地震研究方面的进展外，水还可用于推进地质学、海啸、极地运动、重力和大地测量研究。地磁数据也受到主要位于北半球大陆的观测站分布的影响。NRC最近的一份工作组报告描述了建立更平衡的全球地磁网络的科学基础，并提议增加8个海底站点，包括在H2O附近的一个。由于缺乏公海数据，海啸研究受到阻碍，在H2O现场部署压力传感器将大大加强海啸研究。实时获取这些数据将提高现有海啸预警系统预测海浪高度的能力。海底压力也是大规模水平水运动的指标，这会影响地球的旋转轴、地壳的垂直和水平变形以及地表重力的波动。H2O站点将允许对这些地球物理系统进行实时研究。

This ARI award provides funding to convert the AT&T Hawaii-2 undersea co-axial telephone cable, a retired cable that stretches from Hawaii to southern California, into a long-term geophysical observatory. The Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O) will be created by cutting the cable approximately mid-way between Hawaii and California and inserting a junction box with eight underwater-mateable connectors. Power will be supplied to the junction box and any instruments attached to it from the AT&T Makaha cable station on the island of Oahu. A landline from the cable station to the Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa will allow scientists to monitor data from the ocean bottom observatory in real-time and modify the software contained in the junction box and instruments. The first instrument the PI's propose to deploy at the H2O is a seismometer because the proposed site of the junction box optimizes coverage of a strategic area for the IRIS Global Seismic Network (GSN), an international network of seismic stations. Observations from GSN stations are constrained by the location of the stations, which are all on continents or islands. This biased distribution of seismic stations introduces spatial alias and substantial uncertainties into earth studies, particularly tomographic studies of the Earth's structure and studies of earthquake source location, focal mechanism, and rupture process. Ocean floor observatories are necessary to complete the network. Oceanographers have initiated an international effort to establish an Ocean Seismic Network as a subset of the GSN. They have identified 20 areas of the ocean floor where seismic coverage is a high priority; H2O would offer coverage of one of these areas. In addition to advances in seismic studies, H2O could be used to advance studies of geomagetism, tsunamis, polar motion, gravity and geodetic studies. Geomagnetic data also are biased by the distribution of observatories, which are mainly located on continents in the northern hemisphere. A recent NRC task group re port has described the scientific rationale for a more balanced global geomagnetic network and proposed the addition of 8 seafloor sites, including one in the vicinity of H2O. Tsunami studies are hampered by a lack of open-ocean data and would be greatly enhanced by deployment of a pressure sensor at the H2O site. Real-time access to the data would improve the ability of existing tsunami warning systems to predict wave height. Ocean bottom pressure is also an indicator of large scale horizontal water motions, which affect the Earth's axis of rotation, vertical and horizontal deformation of the earth's crust, and fluctuations in surface gravity. The H2O site would allow real-time studies of these geophysical systems.