Crack-Anticrack Interaction in Faulting

;​R o o t E n t y F $ C o m p o b j b W o r d d o c u m e n t O b j e c t P O O l $ $4 @() * +, -。/ 0 1 2 F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc6;​无论是在处理地震前和地震中发生的事件，还是在解释从实验和现场得到的观察结果时，对断层的微观力学的确定和定性都是一个重要的问题。ⅰ型张开裂缝的作用一直是构造断裂细观力学的一个基本要素。近年来，基于I型封闭性断缝的相互作用和传播（Green and Burnley, 1989; Green, 1994, 1995），断缝是橄榄石-尖晶石相变过程中形成的高密度尖晶石薄层，建立了导致深源地震的断裂带断层组织模式。在阿巴拉契亚山脉中部的变形石灰岩中观察到由裂缝和断裂有组织的相互作用产生的断裂带，在其他环境中也报道过类似的结构。在这种情况下，裂缝以脉状表现，裂缝以溶缝表现。考虑到压力作用，这些构造的形成过程是缓慢的，但脆弱带最终可能会被快速的地震断裂破坏。这些构造在其自身的构造环境中也很重要，除了说明了一个潜在的更广泛的过程。本研究的目的是通过详细观察、实地测绘到薄片尺度来研究这些结构，并在微观力学和宏观水平上建立它们的起源和演化的力学模型。;哦，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，$ H l D H R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL。DOT 9526983 Felicia Smith Felicia Smith @ @ @ @ Microsoft Word 6.0 1;e = e j j j j j j j j j Q 1 3 t5 Q j Q j j j j j j j在处理震前和震中事件时，确定和确定断层的微观力学是一个重要的问题。在解释实验和现场的观察结果时。ⅰ型张开裂缝的作用一直是构造断裂细观力学的一个基本要素。近年来，基于I型封闭性断缝的相互作用和传播（Green and Burnley, 1989; Green, 1994, 1995），断缝是橄榄石-尖晶石相变过程中形成的高密度尖晶石薄层，建立了导致深源地震的断裂带断层组织模式。在阿巴拉契亚山脉中部的变形石灰岩中观察到由裂缝和断裂有组织的相互作用产生的断裂带，在其他环境中也报道过类似的结构。在这种情况下，裂缝以脉状表现，裂缝以溶缝表现。鉴于压力解的作用，形成过程

; R o o t E n t r y F $ C o m p O b j b W o r d D o c u m e n t O b j e c t P o o l $ $ 4 @ ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.6 ; si 9526983 Fletcher Determination and qualification of the micromechanics of faulting is an important problem, both in addressing events prior to and during earthquakes, and in interpreting observations from experiments and from the field. The role of mode I opening cracks has always been a basic element in the formulation of the micromechanics of faulting. Recently, a model for the organization of the fault of fault zone resulting in a deep focus earthquake has been based upon the interaction and propagation of mode I closing anticracks (Green and Burnley, 1989; Green, 1994, 1995), the anticracks being thin laminae of the higher-density spinel formed in the olivine- spinel phase transformation. Fault zones which arise from the organized interaction of cracks and anticracks are observed in the deformed limestones of the central Appalachians, and analogous structures have been reported from other settings. In these occurrences, the cracks are represented by veins, and the anticracks by solution seams. In view of the role of pressure solution, the process of formation of these structures is slow, but the weakened zone might eventually fail by rapid, seismic faulting. These structures are also significant in their own tectonic setting, besides illustrating a process of potentially broader scope. The aim of the proposed research is to study these structures through detailed observation, at field mapping to thin-section scale, and to develop mechanical models for their initiation and evolution, at micromechanical and macroscopic levels. ; Oh +' 0 S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( ' $ H l D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT 9526983 Felicia Smith Felicia Smith @ @ @ @ Microsoft Word 6.0 1 ; e = e j j j j j j j Q 1 3 T 5 Q j Q j j j j ~ j j j j 9526983 Fletcher Determination and qualification of the micromechanics of faulting is an important problem, both in addressing events prior to and during earthquakes, and in interpreting observations from experiments and from the field. The role of mode I opening cracks has always been a basic element in the formulation of the micromechanics of faulting. Recently, a model for the organization of the fault of fault zone resulting in a deep focus earthquake has been based upon the interaction and propagation of mode I closing anticracks (Green and Burnley, 1989; Green, 1994, 1995), the anticracks being thin laminae of the higher-density spinel formed in the olivine- spinel phase transformation. Fault zones which arise from the organized interaction of cracks and anticracks are observed in the deformed limestones of the central Appalachians, and analogous structures have been reported from other settings. In these occurrences, the cracks are represented by veins, and the anticracks by solution seams. In view of the role of pressure solution, the process of formatio